Social Psych Unit test Flashcards
a. Philip Zimbardo
b. Stanley Milgram
a. Most famous for his Stanford prison experiment
b. Best known for his experiments investigating obedience, involving the seeming administration of electric shocks
a. Solomon Asch
b. Leon Festinger
a. known for his conformity experiments
b. introduced the concept of cognitive dissonance
Normative Influence “Social Norm”
Influence that produces conformity when a person fears the negative social consequences of appearing deviant
a. Deindividuation
b. Social Facilitation
a. the loss of self-identity within a group, often accompanied by uncharacteristic behavior
b. A process whereby the presence of others enhances performance on easy tasks but impairs performance on difficult tasks
a. Social Inhibition
b. Social Loafing
c. Group Polarization
a. performance is poorer when watched by others
b. Tendency of individuals to put forth less effort when they are part of a group
c. The exaggeration of initial tendencies in the thinking of group members through group discussions
a. Groupthink
b. Social Trap
a. A group decision-making style characterized by an excessive tendency among group members to seek concurrence
b. a situation in which individuals within a group act in their own short-term self-interest to the overall long-term detriment of the group
Ethnocentrism
judging other cultures on the basis of the values of your own culture
a. Superordinate Goals
b. Robbers Cave Experiment
a. shared objectives that require cooperation between groups to accomplish
b. an experiment conducted by Muzafer Sherif in which two groups of boys at a summer camp overcome prejudices against each other by focusing on superordinate goals
Diffusion of Responsibility
tendency for members of a crow to assume less responsibility for taking action, due to the assumption that others will do something
a. Instrumental Aggression
b. Hostile Aggression
a. behaviors that carried out to attain a certain goal
b. behaviors that aim to inflict pain or harm
a. Social Exchange Theory
b. Reciprocity
a. Argues that altruism only exists when the benefits outweigh the costs—i.e., when your behavior helps you even more than it helps the other person
b. Social expectation in which we feel pressured to help others if they have already done something for us
a. Social Responsibility Norm
b. Familiarity “Mere Exposure Effect”
a. Societal rule that tells people they should help others who need help even if they may not repay us
b. Liking someone occurs because of repeatedly seeing that person or thing
Attitudes
beliefs and feelings that predispose people to respond in particular ways to situations and other people
a. Self-Serving Bias
b. Actor-Observer Bias
a. Tendency to blame external forces when bad things happen and to give ourselves credit when good things happen
b. Tendency to attribute one’s own actions to external causes while attributing other people’s behaviors to internal causes
a. False Consensus Effect
b. Just-World Phenomenon
a. Tendency to overestimate how much other people agree with us
b. Tendency to believe that the world is just and that people get what they deserve
a. Central Route of Persuasion
b. Peripheral Route of Persuasion
a. The process by which a person thinks carefully about a communication and is influenced by the strength of its arguments
b. The process by which a person does not think carefully about a communication and is influenced instead by superficial cues
a. Foot-In-The-Door Phenomenon
b. Door-In-The-Face Technique
a. Tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
b. Asking for a large commitment and being refused and then asking for a smaller commitment and getting agreement
a. Mere-Exposure Effect
b. Cognitive Dissonance
a. the tendency to like new stimuli more when you encounter them more frequently
b. (Leon Festinger 1957): Sense of discomfort or distress that occurs when a person’s behavior does not correspond to that person’s attitudes
a. Attribution Theory
b. Dispositional Attribution
a. a theory that describes how people explain their own and others’ behavior
b. a type of attribution in which you assign responsibility for an event or action to the person involved
a. Situational Attribution
b. Stable Attribution
a. type of attribution in which you assign responsibility for an event or action to the circumstances of the situation
b. an attribution in which you believe a cause to be consistent and relatively constant over time
a. Unstable Attribution
b. Fundamental Attribution Error
a. an attribution that credits a one-time source as the cause of an event
b. Our tendency to underestimate the impact of situational factors and overestimate the impact of dispotional (personal) factors when assessing why other people acted the way they did
