Ap Psych Unit 3 biology + sleep stuff; matching quiz

Question 1

dendrites

Answer 1

neurons branching extensions that receive and integrate messages

Question 2

myelin sheath

Answer 2

enables greater transmission speed as neural impulses hop from one node to the next
Protect+move faster

Question 3

action potential

Answer 3

a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon

Question 4

refractory period

Answer 4

a brief resting pause that occurs after a neuron has fired

Question 5

reuptake

Answer 5

the reabsorption by a neuron of a neurotransmitter

Question 6

agonist

Answer 6

molecule that increases a neurotransmitters action

Question 7

axon

Answer 7

neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons

Question 8

all-or-none response

Answer 8

neurons reaction to either firing (at full strength) or not firing

Question 9

endorphins

Answer 9

natural opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure

Question 10

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 10

brain and spinal cord

Question 11

sympathetic nervous system (SNS)

Answer 11

division of the autonomic system that arouses the body

Question 12

hormones

Answer 12

chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream and affect other tissues

Question 13

pituitary gland

Answer 13

regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

Question 14

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 14

peripheral nervous system part, controls the glands and muscles of internal organs

Question 15

sensory (afferent) neurons

Answer 15

carry info from the body’s tissues & sensory receptors to brain and spinal cord

Question 16

adrenal glands

Answer 16

secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress

Question 17

motor (efferent) neurons

Answer 17

carry outgoing info from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands

Question 18

endocrine system

Answer 18

set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Question 19

EEG (Electroencephalogram)

Answer 19

amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity across the brain’s surface

Question 20

PET scan

Answer 20

detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain does a task

Question 21

cerebellum

Answer 21

the “little brain” at the rear of the brainstem

Question 22

hypothalamus

Answer 22

helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, linked to emotion and reward

Question 23

hippocampus

Answer 23

helps process for storage of explicit (conscious) memories of facts and events

Question 24

limbic system

Answer 24

neural system (including amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus)

Question 25

lesion

Answer 25

naturally or experimentally causes destruction of brain tissue

Question 26

brainstem

Answer 26

responsible for automatic survival functions

Question 27

medulla

Answer 27

base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

Question 28

frontal lobes

Answer 28

portion of cerebral cortex involved in making plans and judgements

Question 29

plasticity

Answer 29

brains ability to change especially during childhood

Question 30

occipital lobes

Answer 30

includes areas that receive info from the visual fields

Question 31

parietal lobes

Answer 31

receives sensory input for touch and body position

Question 32

cerebral cortex

Answer 32

brain's outer surface of interconnected neural cells

Question 33

neurogenesis

Answer 33

the formation of new neurons

Question 34

motor cortex

Answer 34

area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements

Question 35

association areas

Answer 35

involves higher mental functions like learning, thinking, & speaking

Question 36

corpus callosum

Answer 36

large band of neural fibers connecting the 2 brain hemispheres

Question 37

dual processing

Answer 37

info often simultaneously processed on conscious and unconscious tracks

Question 38

parallel processing

Answer 38

processing many aspect of a problem simultaneously

Question 39

blindsight

Answer 39

a person can respond to visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it

Question 40

heritability

Answer 40

proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes

Question 41

heredity

Answer 41

the genetic transfer of characteristics from parent to offspring

Question 42

DNA

Answer 42

complex molecule containing the genetic info; makes up chromosomes

Question 43

identical (monozygotic) twins

Answer 43

develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two

Question 44

epigenetics

Answer 44

environmental influences in gene expression that occur without a DNA change

Question 45

fraternal (dizygotic) twins

Answer 45

develop from separate fertilized eggs

Question 46

molecular behavior genetics

Answer 46

studies the molecular structure and function of genes

Question 47

environment

Answer 47

every non-genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us

Question 48

genes

Answer 48

biochemical units of heredity that make up chromosomes

Question 49

mutation

Answer 49

a random error in gene replication that leads to a change

Question 50

social script

Answer 50

a culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations