Unit 6 learning and intelligence Flashcards
Mental Age
represents a child’s level of cognitive ability
Stanford-Binet IQ test
an early IQ test created by Terman that originally measured intelligence by using mental age
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
a standardized scale used to measure intellectual abilities
Wechsler Intelligence Scales (WAIS)
intelligence was made up a number of different mental abilities rather than a single general intelligence factor
Test-Retest Reliability
best for intelligence administering a test twice at two different points in time
Split-Half Reliability
comparing the results of one half of a test with the results from the other half
Content Validity
test measures all aspects of what it is designed to measure
Predictive
test accurately forecasts performance on a future measure
Standardization
a process by which scores for a population are placed into set intervals to allow for easy analysis of test results
Intellectual disability
a condition of varying severity found in people with IQ below 70
Gifted
label for people who have an IQ above 130
Automatic Processing
the unconscious processing of incidental or well-learned information
Effortful Processing
active processing of information that requires sustained effort
Shallow Processing
processing information based on its surface characteristics
Cognition
the process of thinking or mentally processing information such as concepts, language, and images
Heuristics
educated guess based on prior experience (mental shortcuts)
Representative Heuristics
comparing present situations to most representative mental prototype
Availability Heuristics
decisions on examples and information that immediately spring to mind
Mental Set
people use solutions that have worked in the past
Functional Fixedness
view problems only in usual manner
Confirmation Bias
the tendency to search for information that supports your existing beliefs and to ignore evidence that contradicts what you think is true
Belief Perserverance
the tendency to maintain a belief even after the evidence you used to form the belief is proven wrong
Language
words or symbols and the rules for combining them meaningfully
Phoneme
the smallest unit of sound in a language
Morpheme
the smallest unit of meaning in a language
Semantics
the set of rules that we use to derive meaning from words and sentences
Syntax
the way in which words are put together to form sentences
Grammar
set of rules for combining language units into meaningful speech or writing
Babbling
the repetition of syllables that represent an infants first attempt at speech
One-Word Stage
the stage of language development during which children tend to use one-word at a time
Two-Word Stage
the stage of language development during which children tend to use two-word phrases
Universal Grammar
a theoretical common set of rules that apply to all languages
Factor Analysis
a statistical method that identifies common causes of variance in different tests
Multiple Intelligence Theory
Gardener’s theory that proposes eight different intelligences
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Sternbergs theory proposes three distinct intelligences (practical, creative, analytical), which work together to make up your overall intelligence
Noam Chomsky
universal grammar
Wolfgang Kohler
Insight learning
Francis Galton
thought physical characteristics could be used to measure intelligence
