Unit 6 learning and intelligence

Question 1

Mental Age

Answer 1

represents a child’s level of cognitive ability

Question 2

Stanford-Binet IQ test

Answer 2

an early IQ test created by Terman that originally measured intelligence by using mental age

Question 3

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Answer 3

a standardized scale used to measure intellectual abilities

Question 4

Wechsler Intelligence Scales (WAIS)

Answer 4

intelligence was made up a number of different mental abilities rather than a single general intelligence factor

Question 5

Test-Retest Reliability

Answer 5

best for intelligence administering a test twice at two different points in time

Question 6

Split-Half Reliability

Answer 6

comparing the results of one half of a test with the results from the other half

Question 7

Content Validity

Answer 7

test measures all aspects of what it is designed to measure

Question 8

Predictive

Answer 8

test accurately forecasts performance on a future measure

Question 9

Standardization

Answer 9

a process by which scores for a population are placed into set intervals to allow for easy analysis of test results

Question 10

Intellectual disability

Answer 10

a condition of varying severity found in people with IQ below 70

Question 11

Gifted

Answer 11

label for people who have an IQ above 130

Question 12

Automatic Processing

Answer 12

the unconscious processing of incidental or well-learned information

Question 13

Effortful Processing

Answer 13

active processing of information that requires sustained effort

Question 14

Shallow Processing

Answer 14

processing information based on its surface characteristics

Question 15

Cognition

Answer 15

the process of thinking or mentally processing information such as concepts, language, and images

Question 16

Heuristics

Answer 16

educated guess based on prior experience (mental shortcuts)

Question 17

Representative Heuristics

Answer 17

comparing present situations to most representative mental prototype

Question 18

Availability Heuristics

Answer 18

decisions on examples and information that immediately spring to mind

Question 19

Mental Set

Answer 19

people use solutions that have worked in the past

Question 20

Functional Fixedness

Answer 20

view problems only in usual manner

Question 21

Confirmation Bias

Answer 21

the tendency to search for information that supports your existing beliefs and to ignore evidence that contradicts what you think is true

Question 22

Belief Perserverance

Answer 22

the tendency to maintain a belief even after the evidence you used to form the belief is proven wrong

Question 23

Language

Answer 23

words or symbols and the rules for combining them meaningfully

Question 24

Phoneme

Answer 24

the smallest unit of sound in a language

Question 25

Morpheme

Answer 25

the smallest unit of meaning in a language

Question 26

Semantics

Answer 26

the set of rules that we use to derive meaning from words and sentences

Question 27

Syntax

Answer 27

the way in which words are put together to form sentences

Question 28

Grammar

Answer 28

set of rules for combining language units into meaningful speech or writing

Question 29

Babbling

Answer 29

the repetition of syllables that represent an infants first attempt at speech

Question 30

One-Word Stage

Answer 30

the stage of language development during which children tend to use one-word at a time

Question 31

Two-Word Stage

Answer 31

the stage of language development during which children tend to use two-word phrases

Question 32

Universal Grammar

Answer 32

a theoretical common set of rules that apply to all languages

Question 33

Factor Analysis

Answer 33

a statistical method that identifies common causes of variance in different tests

Question 34

Multiple Intelligence Theory

Answer 34

Gardener’s theory that proposes eight different intelligences

Question 35

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Answer 35

Sternbergs theory proposes three distinct intelligences (practical, creative, analytical), which work together to make up your overall intelligence

Question 36

Noam Chomsky

Answer 36

universal grammar

Question 37

Wolfgang Kohler

Answer 37

Insight learning

Question 38

Francis Galton

Answer 38

thought physical characteristics could be used to measure intelligence