Unit 9 (Motivation)

Question 1

A need or desire that energies and directs behavior

Answer 1

Motivaion

Question 2

A complex behavior that is rapidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Answer 2

Instinct

Question 3

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Answer 3

Drive-Reduction Theory

Question 4

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemical such as blood glucose, around a particular level

Answer 4

Homestasis

Question 5

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Answer 5

Incentive

Question 6

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active

Answer 6

Hierarchy of Needs

Question 7

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger

Answer 7

Glucose

Question 8

The point at which an indivdual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lower metabolic rate may act to store the lost weight

Answer 8

Set Point

Question 9

The body’s resting rate of energy expnditure

Answer 9

Basal Metabolic Rate

Question 10

A response of the whole organism involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience

Answer 10

Emotion

Question 11

The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion arousing stimuli

Answer 11

James-Lange Theory

Question 12

The theory that an emotion-arousing stimuli simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion

Answer 12

Cannon-Bard Theory

Question 13

The Schacter-sing theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physiological aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal

Answer 13

Two-Factor Theory

Question 14

A machine commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several responses accompanying emotion

Answer 14

Polygraph

Question 15

The effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happiness

Answer 15

Facial Feedback

Question 16

Emotional release. The catharsis hypothesis maintains that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges

Answer 16

Catharsis

Question 17

People’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

Answer 17

Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenomenon

Question 18

Self Perceived happiness or satisifaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being

Answer 18

Well-Being

Question 19

Our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of light, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

Answer 19

Adaptation-Level Phenomenon

Question 20

The perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves

Answer 20

Relative Deprivation