Unit 3 (Social Psychology) Flashcards
Two Major Schools of Thought
Cognitive (Thoughts) and Behaviorist (Reactions)
Attitudes
Situation, Cause short-term behavior, change frequently
Value
relative importance that an individual places on an item, idea, person, etc. that is part of their life
Persuasion
Change attitudes
Four factors of persuasion
Source, Message, Channel, Receiver
Prejudice
Negative Judgement, Lack facts, Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism
Positive attitude about your ethnic group, Negative attitude about other ethnic groups
Causes of Prejudice
Competition, Personality, Aggression, Pre-Existing Prejudice, Superiority, Frustration, Lack of Education
Attributes
Physical or mental characteristics, Stereotype (assigning an attribute based on race, gender or religion)
Attribution Theory
a Social Psychological theory that relates to the way in which people explain their own behavior and that of others. According to this theory, people tend to attribute (or explain) psychological or external causes as the determining factor in behavior
Two Attributions
Personal (Internal) & Situation (External)
Fundamental Attribution Error
Two much credit to internal factors, ignoring external factors
Conformity
Change in behavior and belief, indirect or perceived pressure
Obedience (Compliance)
Change in external behavior, direct pressure, just going along (Obedience: someone w/ authority, Compliance: friends)
Identification
Desire to be like a group
Internalization
Adopting a group’s beliefs
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Tension between mind and heart, Goal is to reduce tension, Peer Pressure (Choice that doesn’t require much thought)
Group Dynamic
the study of how people behave in groups and how different groups interact with each other. These group processes include membership, communication, influence, leadership, conflict, and teamwork, as well as how groups change over time (how they develop and dissolve) and how individuals change within a group
Primary Purpose of a Group
Goals
Roles in Group
Each person has a function (Task-Oriented, Social or Maintenance, Self-Oriented or Individualistic)
Task-Oriented
Concerned with the goals of the group
Social or Maintenance
Concerned with social interactions in a group
Self-Oriented or Individualistic
Individual goals over group goals
Deindividuation
Mob mentality, Loss of individual choice, Loss of individual identity
Social faciltation
presence of others influences performance, social loafing
Altruism
Putting the needs of others first
Bystander effect
People are less likely to help when others are around
Diffusion of responsibilty
Group increases, sense of individual responsibility decrease
Aggression
verbal or physical, intention to hurt or harm another person or thing
Motivation
fear or frustration, produce fear, push your own agenda
Three Distinctions of Aggression
Harm? Intent? Instrumental or Hostile
Instrumental Aggression
Necessary
Hostile Aggression
No legitimate purpose
Human factors psychology
psychology and product design, make people safer and or more productive
Industrial Psychology
Mental state of the worker, better morale, increased job satisfaction
Asch Experiment
Comformity (Demonstrating the degree at which people’s decisions are influenced by the majority of the group)
Stanley Milgram Experiment
Obedience (measured the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure)
65% of the Milgram study participants..
administered the highest amount of electricity
Androgens are
the sex hormone most often linked with aggression
Bandura
Believed aggression is a learned tendency
Lorenz
Believed that aggression is an innate or instinctual tendency
Social Loafing occurs when
one puts forth less effort on a task when in a group than when that person is alone
Stereotype
A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgenenralized) belief about a group of people)
