Intelligence, Language, Problem Solving Flashcards
Intelligence Tests
a method of assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
Achievement test
test designed to assess what a person has learned
aptitude Test
tests designed to predict a person’s future performance
Standardization
defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
Reliability
The extend to which a test yields consistent results over time (Split halves or test-retest method)
Test-Retest Reliability
Taking the same test and receiving a similar score
Split Half Reliability
The score on one half of a test’s question is similar to the score on the other half
Validity
A test measures what it is supposed to measure
Content Validity
Does the test sample a behavior or interest
Predictive Validity
Does the test predict future behavior
Construct Validity
Does the test measure a particular hypothetical construct
Sir Francis Galton
Success runs in families because intelligence is genetically inherited
Alfred Binet
Developer of the first test to classify children’s abilities using the concept of mental age
Lewis Terman
Adapted Binet’s test for the use in the US, reported intelligence as a calculated IQ score, called it the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
David Wechsler
Developed the Wechsler intelligence scales which included different tests for different age groups, separate verbal and nonverbal scores, subtests and subtest scores
Mental Retardation
Subaverage general mental ability accompanied by deficiencies in adaptive skills, originating before age 18
Giftedness
US. Federal Law says that giftedness should be based on superior potential in any of six areas- gerenal intelligence, specific aptitudes, creativity, leadership, performing arts, or athletics
Howard Gardner
Author of a contemporary theory of multiple intelligence consisting of nine separate kinds of intelligence
Problem solving
Active efforts to discover what must be done to achieve a goal that is not readily attainable
Insight
Sudden realization of the solution to a problem (“Aha” experience)
Functional Fixedness
Tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions
Mental Set
Tendency to approach a problem in a particular way
Algorithms
Problem-Solving strategy that guarantees the solution to the problem, Not always the most efficient method
Heurisitics
A rule of thumb problem solving strategy that makes a solution more likely and efficient but does not guarantee a solution (handy shortcuts, or they can get us into trouble)
