Intelligence, Language, Problem Solving

Question 1

Intelligence Tests

Answer 1

a method of assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores

Question 2

Achievement test

Answer 2

test designed to assess what a person has learned

Question 3

aptitude Test

Answer 3

tests designed to predict a person’s future performance

Question 4

Standardization

Answer 4

defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

Question 5

Reliability

Answer 5

The extend to which a test yields consistent results over time (Split halves or test-retest method)

Question 6

Test-Retest Reliability

Answer 6

Taking the same test and receiving a similar score

Question 7

Split Half Reliability

Answer 7

The score on one half of a test’s question is similar to the score on the other half

Question 8

Validity

Answer 8

A test measures what it is supposed to measure

Question 9

Content Validity

Answer 9

Does the test sample a behavior or interest

Question 10

Predictive Validity

Answer 10

Does the test predict future behavior

Question 11

Construct Validity

Answer 11

Does the test measure a particular hypothetical construct

Question 12

Sir Francis Galton

Answer 12

Success runs in families because intelligence is genetically inherited

Question 13

Alfred Binet

Answer 13

Developer of the first test to classify children’s abilities using the concept of mental age

Question 14

Lewis Terman

Answer 14

Adapted Binet’s test for the use in the US, reported intelligence as a calculated IQ score, called it the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test

Question 15

David Wechsler

Answer 15

Developed the Wechsler intelligence scales which included different tests for different age groups, separate verbal and nonverbal scores, subtests and subtest scores

Question 16

Mental Retardation

Answer 16

Subaverage general mental ability accompanied by deficiencies in adaptive skills, originating before age 18

Question 17

Giftedness

Answer 17

US. Federal Law says that giftedness should be based on superior potential in any of six areas- gerenal intelligence, specific aptitudes, creativity, leadership, performing arts, or athletics

Question 18

Howard Gardner

Answer 18

Author of a contemporary theory of multiple intelligence consisting of nine separate kinds of intelligence

Question 19

Problem solving

Answer 19

Active efforts to discover what must be done to achieve a goal that is not readily attainable

Question 20

Insight

Answer 20

Sudden realization of the solution to a problem (“Aha” experience)

Question 21

Functional Fixedness

Answer 21

Tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions

Question 22

Mental Set

Answer 22

Tendency to approach a problem in a particular way

Question 23

Algorithms

Answer 23

Problem-Solving strategy that guarantees the solution to the problem, Not always the most efficient method

Question 24

Heurisitics

Answer 24

A rule of thumb problem solving strategy that makes a solution more likely and efficient but does not guarantee a solution (handy shortcuts, or they can get us into trouble)