Unit 2 Terms Flashcards
o Significant difference means
that the difference was not due to chance.
o Correlation does not equal
making this mistake leads to a faulty conclusion.
o Extreme scores affect
The mean
o The magic number for p-value is
.05%
Range is
simplest measure of variability
o 65% of the Milgram study participants administered
the highest amount of electricity.
o Inferential statistics can be used to show
causation and descriptive stats cannot.
o A homogenous sample is
a sample where all of the subjects share similar characteristics. Usually implies a small standard deviation.
Variable
Independent, Dependent, Extraneous, Confounding
Longitudinal studies
Same subjects over an extended period of time
Control Group
Group that isn’t being experimented
Placebo
Fake Treatment
Correlation Coefficient
positive correlation, negative correlation, range from -1 to 1 (zero means no correlation) correlation does not equal caustion
Double Blind Study
Participants and conductor unaware
Naturalistic Observation (Know positive and negative relations)
Observe naturally occuring events, no intervention with subjects
Positively Skewed Distribution
Most scores pile up at the low end of the scale
Standard Deviation
How the scores depart from the mean
First Truth
Mean, Median, Mode all contribute to be in the middle of the normal distribution curve
Second Truth
68% of scores fall within one standard deviation
Third Truth
98% of scores fall with two of standard deviation
Asch Experiment
Comformity (Demonstrating the degree at which people’s decisions are influenced by the majority of the group)
Stanley Milgram Experiment
Obedience (measured the willingness of study participants to obey an authority figure)
Empiricism
The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation
Operational Defintion
A statement of the procedures used to define research variables
Case Study
An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
Independent Variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
Dependent Variable
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
Confounding
A factor other than independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment
Survey
a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group
Cross-Sectional Studies
one type of study in which people of different ages are examined at the same time(s). This is usually done with cohorts, so that researchers can examine how people of different ages perform, behave, or respond to a particular function
APA Ethical Guidelines
Refer to paper
