Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IBD General Certificate > Unit 9 - Lesson 3 - Effluent > Flashcards

Unit 9 - Lesson 3 - Effluent Flashcards

1
Q

What is effluent?

A

A simple way to think about effluent is that it is all the water we bring into the distillery, minus the water that goes into the product and the water lost through evaporation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the main components of effluent?

A

Waste (wash and lees residues) from fermentation activities
Raw material or product residues removed from sieves or filters
CIP rinse water
Used (dirty) detergent and sanitiser
Environmental waste from general cleaning
Product waste from tank rinses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Effluent Description - Spent or dark grains

  1. Usual Disposal Route
  2. Storage Container
A
  1. Animal feed

2. Silo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Effluent Description: Pot ale or lees

  1. Usual Disposal Route
  2. Storage Container
A
  1. Animal feed, food, and pharmaceutical industry

2. Waste yeast tanks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Effluent Description: Hazardous chemicals

  1. Usual Disposal Route
  2. Storage Container
A
  1. Specialist waste contractors

2. Secure storage area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Effluent Description: Waste solvents, fuel, and paint

  1. Usual Disposal Route
  2. Storage Container
A
  1. Absorbed using spill kit then taken away by specialist waste contractors
  2. Secure storage area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Effluent Description: Wash and heads and tails

  1. Usual Disposal Route
  2. Storage Container
A
  1. Recycled to recover extract and alcohol

2. Recycled where possibe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Effluent Description: Spent oil and grease

  1. Usual Disposal Route
  2. Storage Container
A
  1. Recycle

2. Bunded tank

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Effluent Description: Special cleaning chemicals

  1. Usual Disposal Route
  2. Storage Container
A
  1. Specialised disposal

2. Bunded drum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Effluent Description: Biohazard waste (lab/sanitary/human)

  1. Usual Disposal Route
  2. Storage Container
A
  1. Autoclaved or specialised disposal

2. Biowaste bins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Effluent Params - Volume

A

Volume (also called hydraulic volume):

The amount of effluent discharged within a set period.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TSS

A

Total Suspended Solids
The amount of suspended solid material or total suspended solids (TSS) in the liquid effluent. This is important because solids are harder to treat, and often require separate treatment steps. We will explore these late

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

COD

A

The chemical oxygen demand (COD) measures the theoretical amount of oxygen required to break down (oxidise) biological matter in the effluent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is COD measured?

A

We can measure COD in several ways. A common test is to use a mixture of sulphuric acid and potassium dichromate to provide the oxygen. The potassium dichromate is used up in the process as it oxidises organic matter. So, measuring the amount of potassium dichromate remaining after the test will tell us how much oxygen is required.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

BOD

A

The biological oxygen demand (BOD) measures the amount of oxygen that is required by micro-organisms to digest the most readily available nutrients present in the effluent. The amount of oxygen consumed is measured over a five day period. The test is thus known as BOD 5. This value is usually lower than the COD, and the difference indicates the ease/difficulty of dig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is BOD 5

A

Term coined for measuring BOD over a 5 day period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Effluent loading

A

The BOD, COD, and TSS are known collectively as the effluent loading. This basically refers to how dirty the water is, or how much treatment it will need before it can be safely discharged to a watercourse.

18
Q

Effluent pH

A

This is the measure of the acidity or alkalinity of the effluent. To be suitable for releasing into rivers, it must be close to neutral (pH 7). Furthermore, a low or high pH can damage both sewer pipes and receiving equipment, so limits must be set.

19
Q

Effluent Temperature

A

It should typically be < 20°C if it is to be released into watercourses. High temperature effluent must be blended and/or chilled to achieve a decrease in temperature. High temperatures can also crack sewer pipes, so a maximum temperature must be specified.

20
Q

How to help reduce effluent?

A

Use flow meters and auto-sampler to test for TSS, CDO, BDO

21
Q

What does difference of COD and BOD mean and which is usually lower?

A

Ease or difficulty of digestions. BOD is usually lower

22
Q

What is the test for COD?

A

Sulphuric acid and potassium dichromate to provide the oxygen

23
Q

What can in-line meters provide

A

Use in-line meters to measure pH and temperature continuously.

24
Q

What is a good practice and why for collecting effluent data?

A

Collecting last runnings from spent grains or draff, which can contain high-suspended solids and a high COD and BOD. We can reuse last runnings collected into a weak wort vessel for use in the next mash

25
Q

What is very high in BOD

A

Pot Ale
So dont flush it
Make into a valuable co-product, such as dark grains or pot ale syrup.

26
Q

What contributes to a high volume and temps of effluent and what to do?

A

Wort cooling water can contribute to high volumes and temperatures. We can recover and reuse it for other purposes.

27
Q

What typically happens to cleaning water and what can you do?

A

Water and chemicals for plant cleaning generally go straight to drain. They can contribute to high volume, pH and COD. However, we can recycle final rinses and its detergents.

28
Q

Effluent disposal is charged by volume. What can you do to reduce volume

A

Use CIP final rinse water as pre-rinse
Limit washdown hose use (use squeegees)
Use low flow, high pressure rotary CIP heads

29
Q

What is a Facultative Lagoon?

A

Facultative lagoons resemble vast, shallow ponds, where microbes digest the BOD in the effluent. A facultative lagoon is shown in the figure below:

30
Q

What are traditional ways to treat effluent?

A

The traditional method of treating effluent was via facultative lagoons, or low-rate trickling filters.

31
Q

What is a Low-rate trickling filters

A

Low-rate trickling filters are large vessels filled with rough stones, over which the effluent trickles. Microbes on these stones digest and remove the BOD from the effluent.

32
Q

How is effluent broken down

A

Primary - pH & suspended solid - 40% removal
Secondary - BOD/COD with AD and Aerobic 85-95% removal
Tertiary - Combos 1&2 with ~100% removal

After tertiary treatment, the water can be discharged to a watercourse or be recycled back into the distillery. Even though this water is completely safe,

33
Q

How to do Primary effluent treatment of pH

A

Balance tanks are designed to ensure that any subsequent treatment equipment receives an even flow of effluent. They hold large volumes and are generally designed to hold around 12 hours of effluent. This means that any spikes in loading and fluctuations in pH are evened out.
settleable solids can be removed by gravity, sometimes use coagulants

34
Q

Another method for pH removal in the primary effluent treatment?

A

Another common method used is dissolved air flotation (DAF). In a DAF plant, millions of tiny air bubbles stick to the coagulated solids, float to the surface, and are then skimmed off. The resulting clarified and pH corrected effluent is known as the supernatant.

35
Q

What happens to the sludge in Primary treatment?

A

Dewatered either sent to landfill, incineration or fertilizer
If copper is involved could pose an issue for animals

36
Q

What are two avenues for Secondary treatment?

A

Aerobic or. AD

37
Q

What does AD do

A

breaks down organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, is achieved using anaerobic bacteria in the absence of oxygen.
Benefit is BIOGAS to be used onsite

38
Q

What is An upward flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)

A

A blanket of granular sludge, consisting of anaerobic microbes, is suspended in the tank. Effluent flows upwards through the blanket and is digested by these anaerobic microbes. The upward flow of effluent stops the sludge blanket from sinking to the bottom, while the settling action ofgravity means that the blanket is not pushed to the top

39
Q

What is good about UASB digesters?

A

Produce robust biogas

40
Q

Most common Aerobic Secondary treatment

A

The activated sludge system is the most common type of aerobic treatment system.

41
Q

How much organic sludge results from aerobic treatment?

A

Typically, 40-80% of dissolved organic material is converted into organic sludge,

42
Q

What is the Mogden formula:

A

a way to calculate the disposal cost of effluent and byproducts

Mogden formula: P = C + V + (St / Ss) S + (Ot / Os) O

IBD General Certificate (52 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions