Unit 3 - Lesson 2 - Cereal Wort Production - Separation/Cooling Flashcards
What do brewers do that distillers dont?
Boil the wort before fermentation
The purpose of wort separation?
To extract all the available wort and leave unwanted material behind
What is common in grain whisky & bourbon fermentation?
Fermenting with Draff
What is important if you keep the wort and grain together for fermentation?
Making sure the particle size can be separate from. the wort (hammer mills make it challenging)
What is a natural filter for wort?
Husk material left from barley milling
What are lauter tuns?
Wort Separation systems using rakes and hot water so squeeze out the wort with perforated bottom
Semi or Full
Difference between Semi or Full Lauter Tun
Semi has racks that move in a circle
Full the rakes can move up and down
Sparging is done through spraying or sprinkler systems
Describe a Mash Tun
Used to separate wort from grain
Has a false bottom
Grains are rinsed (sparged) with hot water pumped through a Hydrator on top of Tun
May have some grain agitation
What do modern Tun’s have?
Shallower depth than a Mash Tun increases rate of wort run off
How do malt distilleries differ from others in wort separation?
1st run Hot wort which is super sugary is pumped back over the grain letting the grain settle on the false bottom and act as a filter. Helps clarify the liquid
Which has shallower beds lauter or mash tun
Lauter
Why execute a “Vorlauf” or pumping over of the 1st run wort?
Too high concentration of sugars
And helps to let grains filter the wort
Challenge for Vorlauf?
Pumping 1st run too fast grain may settle quickly and block drainage
Too slow – efficiency drops
What has a big impact on run-off times?
Shallower bed for faster run off. found in Lauter Tun
What does raking do?
Increases run off of wort
What might be a problem when wort is sprayed to encourage drainage?
could create channels in the underlying grain leaving sugars behind
Who many runs are there and what is their characteristics?
- First Waters (vorlauf) - high sugar
- Second Water - lower sugar content
- Third Water - 80° C - not sent to fermenter but a holding tank to be recycled.
What is the difference between Mash Filter and Mash or Lauter Tun
- Sheets that act as filters to produce clear wort
- Mash/Lauter Tun use husks to Filter
- Filter has no false bottom or perforated plates since separation happens on the plates
How does a mash filter work?
- Grain/Liquid pumped into filter
- Sweet wort flows to collection channels
- Membranes inflate squeezing the grain for more wort
- Sparge happens to rewet the grain
- So much liquid removed grains cake
- Spent grains dumped
Most common heat exchanger for wort that does not contain grain
Plate Heat Exchange
How does a plate heat exchanger work?
- Hot wort enters HE
- Moves counterclockwise
- Designed so 2 liquids dont meet
- The wort heat is quickly transferred to cold water
- Cool wort move to fermenter
How does a shell and tube system work?
- Cooling liquid flows through the shell around tubes
- Hot wort flows inside these tubes
- Works for in-grain fermenting
What is the best wort cooler for all-in grain fermentation?
Shall and Tube
Why dont distillers addd O2 to wort before fermentation like Brewers?
- Wort isnt boiled to save enzymes, means there is still O2 in the wort
- Opening to air could cause impurity during transfer
- Distilleries use new yeast - which was grown commercially in anaerobic environment
Fermentable sugars in wort
Maltose - 70-75%
Maltotriose - 10 - 15%
Glucose - 10%
Some fructose and maltotetrose
