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IBD General Certificate > Unit 8 - Lesson 2 - Plant Cleaning > Flashcards

Unit 8 - Lesson 2 - Plant Cleaning Flashcards

1
Q

What is CIP?

A

Cleaning in place

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2
Q

4 Key Cleaning Control Factors?

A 
Time
Temperature
Mechanical
Chemical
If one factor is changed, 1 or all may need adjustments
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3
Q

What is the 4 Key circle called?

A

Sinner’s Circle

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4
Q

What is Mechanical Action of Sinner’s Circle?

A

Physical energy for cleaning, more mechanical action we apply, the more effective and rapid the cleaning becomes

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5
Q

What is Chemical Action of Sinner’s circle

A

Chemical we use within the clean reacts with the soil (dirt) we need to remove.
Generally, the higher the strength, the greater the detergent’s cleaning ability

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6
Q

What is the Temperature Action of Sinners circle?

A

This increases the effectiveness of the clean up to an optimum point. Eg caustic works at 70-80° C but poorly at 95° C. Temperature alone will not clean

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6
Q

What is the Temperature Action of Sinners circle?

A

This increases the effectiveness of the clean up to an optimum point. Eg caustic works at 70-80° C but poorly at 95° C. Temperature alone will not clean

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7
Q

What is the Time Action of Sinners Circle?

A

This refers to the duration of contact between the detergent or rinse water and the plant to be cleaned. The longer the contact, the better the cleaning cycle

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8
Q

Who developed Sinners Circle?

A

German Dr Herbert Sinner,1959

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9
Q


What is good about CIP?

A

Achieves higher level of hygiene more efficiently with less risk to people and damage to equipment

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10
Q

Define CIP?

A

Clean in Place - a closed system of one or more cleaning circuits that circulates detergents and rinses waters through process equipment

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11
Q

What are 2 design features for CIP that must be in place?

A
  1. Cleaning head (spray device) for vessel cleaning

2. Main Ring / closed loop centrifuge pump delivering cleaning solution

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12
Q

What are the two types of cleaning beds?

A

fixed spray balls and rotary cleaning heads

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13
Q

What are fixed ball sprays used for?

A

Low pressure & high volume cleaning at 1.5 m/s

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14
Q

What is the correct velocity for cleaning?

A

min 1.5 m/s

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15
Q

Key for spray ball?

A

Avoid shadows so use the # required to avoid this

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16
Q

What causes shadow areas?

A

Shadow areas are often caused by the internal structures in the vessel that you are trying to clean,

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17
Q

How are rotary spray heads divided?

A

2 groups
Low-pressure rotary spray
High-pressure rotary spray

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18
Q

What attributes does the Low-Pressure Rotary Spray head have?

A

Come in various shapes and sizes.
Usually cover the vessel’s internal surfaces immediately.
Most operate between 1-3 bar.

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19
Q

What is an example of a Low-Pressure Rotary Spray head ?

A

Turbo style disc cleaning head. The fluid’s pressure drives the head. It then sprays out as a fan. This head is typically used in smaller vessels.

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20
Q

What are high-pressure sprays known as?

A

Cleaning machines

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21
Q

Describe a high pressure rotary spray head?

A

rotate at a low speed.
High-pressure jets cover the top, sides, and base
Jets are like a domestic pressure washer, stripping away dirt
Cleaning solution running down the vessel also helps to remove the dirt.
4-10 bar

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22
Q

What do detergents do?

A

Detergents break up proteins and fats using hydrolysis (cutting chains or links in their molecules). They also create soaps by saponifying fats (turn fats into soap). Both processes help to remove soils from surfaces.

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23
Q

What are detergents made up of?

A

A blend of cleaning solutions

24
Q

What are alkaline detergents?

A

Alkaline detergents are usually based on caustic soda [sodium hydroxide (NaOH)] and are used to dissolve organic compounds. These are typically used at 1-2% caustic w/v in hot water and have optimum effectiveness at 85°C.

25
Q

What are substitutes for sodium hydroxide?

A

If sodium hydroxide cannot be used, we can use other alkalis as the base, such as potassium hydroxide, sodium metasilicate, or phosphate salts.

26
Q

What is lye?

A

Lye is a highly concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide in water

27
Q

What is a problem with caustic soda?

A

Reacts with CO2 and it is smaller in volume so a reaction is like a vacuum in a soda can it crushes inward

28
Q

Sodium Carbonate has a higher or lower conductivity than water? Why is this important?

A

Higher so important to know when the detergent is spent and needs replacing

29
Q

What does Caustic corrode?

A

Aluminum very rapidly releasing H2

Also copper and brass to a lesser extent

30
Q

What are Acid-based detergents generally made from?

A

Acid detergents are usually based on nitric acid or phosphoric acid, or a blend of the two.

31
Q

What is a major difference between alkali and acid cleaners?

A

Caustic/alkali detergents and acid-based detergents is that acids are completely consumed during the cleaning/de-scaling process.

32
Q

What do you monitor when removing scale with acid?

A

we must monitor the % v/v acid concentration throughout the clean. If it drops, more acid must be added to maintain the target concentration.

33
Q

What does acid corrode more?

A

Copper

34
Q

What does the wetting agent add?

A

Adding wetting agents to acid detergents helps to remove scale, especially if the scale is not solely inorganic in nature.

35
Q

What are the two distinct components of a wetting agent?

A

At one end, they have a water-loving (hydrophilic) head and at the other, a water-hating (hydrophobic) tail

36
Q

What are the two distinct components of a wetting agent?

A

At one end, they have a water-loving (hydrophilic) head and at the other, a water-hating (hydrophobic) tail

37
Q

What is a micelles?

A

the hydrophobic tails try to get away from the water, so they stick together and leave the hydrophilic heads in contact with the water

38
Q

What are Sequestering and chelating agents?

A

They bind to the metal ion of the scale/hardness, hence holding them in solution in the cleaning water
Sequestering and chelating agents can be added to both acid and alkaline detergents to help remove metal ions and water hardness.

39
Q

What are Sequestering and chelating agents?

A

They bind to the metal ion of the scale/hardness, hence holding them in solution in the cleaning water
Sequestering and chelating agents can be added to both acid and alkaline detergents to help remove metal ions and water hardness.

40
Q

Example of a Chelating agent?

A

Phosphoric acid

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate) and gluconates

41
Q

What is a dispersing agent?

A

Dispersing agents help to remove the soil by preventing it from re-depositing onto the surface, making it ready to be rinsed away.

42
Q

When to use chlorination? And what limits? Why?

A

Very stubborn stains
< 500 mg/L at a pH > 11) and the temperature of the clean (< 50°C)
Corrodes stainless

43
Q

How do you clean a mash vessel

A

hot caustic detergent with wetting and, possibly, scale control.

44
Q

How do you clean a mash vessel

A

hot caustic detergent with wetting and, possibly, scale control.

45
Q

How to clean a Fermentation vessel

A

If stainless steel, a simple CIP process of pre-rinse, hot caustic wash, and final rinse is sufficient
If Wood annot use caustic as it would quickly destroy the wood and in turn the vessel’s integrity. In this case, we can use a manual rinse followed by steaming.
sanitisation. Peroxyacetic acid (PAA) for both

46
Q

How to clean Yeast Handling Plant?

A

Caustic soda, rinse, hot temps

47
Q

How to clean Pipework?

A

How caustic with wetting, sequester agent, acid for scale

48
Q

How to clean stills?

A

Hot caustic detergent at high temp

Sanitation less of a necessity

49
Q

Blending and packaging plant?

A

Hot water flushes to remove residues and debris

50
Q

Blending and packaging plant?

A

Hot water flushes to remove residues and debris

51
Q

Temperature selection for Sinner’s circle?

A

No set rules

52
Q

Why hotter temps?

A

At higher temperatures, atoms and molecules move around faster in the water.
detergent molecules attach to the soil faster and work more rapidly
molecular movement means the surface tension between the water and the soil is lower, enabling the detergent solution to penetrate more rapidly.

53
Q

What is a single shot CIP?

A

Single use detergent

54
Q

What is EHEDG? What does US use?

A

European Hygienic Engineering and Design Group) provides CIP design guidelines that are internationally used
3-A Sanitary Standards & American Society of Mechanical Engineers

55
Q

How should CIP be designed?

A

Conical - for easy emptying
Outlet - for detergent recirculation & rinsing above debris level
No shadow
No Dead Legs >0.5* the pipe diameter
Easily cleaned
No U-bends in pipes
Smooth transition for narrowing pipes eg no sediment build up

56
Q

What is the required flow rate in pipes?

A

1.5-2 m/s

57
Q

What is a “Dead Leg”?

A

Anything 0.5 times greater than pipe diameter

IBD General Certificate (52 decks)

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