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IBD General Certificate > Unit 5 - Lesson 8 - GNS and Vodka > Flashcards

Unit 5 - Lesson 8 - GNS and Vodka Flashcards

1
Q

What stage is neutral spirits distillation?

A

Intermediate - provides base alcohol for number of products vodka, gin, etc

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2
Q

What are neutral spirits known around the world?

A

Rectified spirit

Potable Alcohol of Agricultural Origin

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3
Q

Who generally makes NS?

A

Large producers

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4
Q

What is the difference between NS v GNS?

A

Neutral Spirits made from grain, sugar, beets, molasses, grapes
Grain NS- - only made from grain

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5
Q

What makes the quality in NS

A

Raw materials can influence the quality

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6
Q

What was the historical raw material and why did it change?

A

Whole Wheat or Maize

Got more expensive

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7
Q

What is the NS wash similar to?

A

Both pot and continuous

Has debris eg solids, yeast, alcohol, flavor - esters, aldehydes, higher alcohols, phenols and others

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8
Q

What is the key difference for NS than all other spirits?

A

Remove everything but alcohol and water

No flavor compounds

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9
Q

How to make NS

A
  1. Primary Stripping Column and rectify
  2. Extractive distillation (hyrdo-selection)
  3. 2nd Distillation & Rectify
  4. De-methylation
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10
Q

What is the issue with NS and what steps required?

A

Getting to NS is similar to whisky 2 column <94.7% ABV & then iso-amyl is decanted and removed
There are still some trace components
Need Hyrdo-Selection (Extractive Distillation)

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11
Q

What is Hyrdo-Selection (Extractive Distillation)?

A

Exploits the fact the remaining trace elements are more volatile that water/alcohol are low ABV
& Less volatile with water/alcohol at high ABV (azeotrope bonds make 97.2% ABV max) - basically going to remix water and decant

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12
Q

Describe Extractive Distillation

A
  1. 96% ABV is feed
  2. only 2/3 up the column
  3. Hot water added from top of column at 4X than alcohol added
    • steam for energy
  5. Mix is diluted as water descends
  6. Steam strips the impurities for liquid
  7. Vapors ascend the columns
  8. Water pulls back the alcohol leaving vapors with trace volatile compounds
  9. vapors rise out of column
    10 Remaining ABC 15-20%
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13
Q

How many distillation columns for NS?

A

Depended. if specs want a methane strip need a column

Not one size fits all

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14
Q

Step 1 in NS - Primary distillation of NS

A
  1. Stripping column and 1st stage rectifying
  2. Strips incoming wash fee
  3. Rectifies to 96% ABV
    Can you 2-column or traditional Coffer
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15
Q

Step 2: NS distillation - Hydro Selection (Extraction)

A
  1. Strip out the remaining trace compounds
  2. 96% ABV wash
  3. Dilute with hot water making the trace compounds more volatile in the mix
  4. Steam it
  5. A lower ABV Water recapture alcohol
  6. Steam vaporizes away the remaining trace compounds
  7. ABV dropped to 15-20%
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16
Q

Step 3: NS Distillation - Secondary Rectification

A
  1. 15-20% ABV needs to get to final strength
  2. Feed enters 1/4 (around 50-80 plates)
  3. Vapor ascends stripping high volatiles and trace compounds
  4. The hot water leaves and used in the Hydro-extractive distillation column
  5. Fusel Oil, n-propyl and iso-butyl alcohol removed for further processing
17
Q

How many continuous columns for NS?

A

3 different continuous columns

18
Q

How big are the columns?

A

Huge 50-80 plates

19
Q

Step 4: NS Distillation - Alcohol recovery/Offtake

A
  1. Used in separate and smaller distillation processes
  2. Fusel oil is decanted in water
  3. Separated and moved to bulk storage for sale as a co-product
20
Q

Why get rid of high feints or dispose of other co-products?

A

You dont it leads to alcohol loss

21
Q

Why recover offtake products?

A
  1. Concentrate the impurity stream.
  2. Collect as much alcohol from the fusel oil column as possible.
  3. Further extract the alcohol from the feints streams.
22
Q

Where do recovered alcohols go?

A

Any recovered alcohol is recycled back either to the primary rectification or hydro-extractive distillation.

23
Q

What toxic alcohol is found in spirits

A

Methyl alcohol at low levels

24
Q

What cannot remove methyl alcohol?

A

Rectification
Hydro-extractive
2nd Rectification
YOU NEED A DE-METHYLISER

25
Q

What is more volatile methyl alcohol or alcohol?

A

Methyl alcohol

26
Q

Where can you methyl alcohol on plates for NS distilling?

A

Plates 40-65

27
Q

How does a de-methylation column work?

A
  1. methyl alcohol is more volatile than alcohol, it increases as it ascends the column
  2. falling liquid is captured by alcohol
  3. Reflux at top relufx liquid back
  4. While methyl is recovered in 2nd heas
  5. Sell as co-product
28
Q

NS Summary

A
  1. NS is intensive
  2. Many columns - Rectification and Extraction
  3. For other alcohol recover it is cost / benefit (including energy usage)
29
Q

How to remove last water from 97.2% ABV

A

Use a molecular sieve (zeolite)

Removes water vapor steam by trapping it precisely sized pores of its own lattice structure

30
Q

What was vodka’s initial/traditional strength?

A

20% ABV

30
Q

What was vodka’s initial/traditional strength?

A

20% ABV

31
Q

EU 2008 definition of vodka?

A

spirit drink from ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin

  1. Potatoes and/or cereal
  2. Other ag raw materials
  3. Distilled or rectified
  4. Methonol <10g / 100% ABVL
  5. ABV> 37.5%
  6. Natural flavoring must be distilled
  7. Must indicate what raw materials
32
Q

US Definition of Vodka

A
  1. Neutral spirit
  2. Any material distilled above 95%
  3. Bottled >40% ABV
  4. Can be treated with charcoal, without character, aroma, taste or color
33
Q

Difference between US and EU Vodka

A

EU only potatoes and cereals as raw material

US more open

34
Q

What is most vodka made from?

A

Wheat, maize, potatoes

Some molasses, grapes and fruits

35
Q

What is base alcohol for vodka

A

Commercial NS

36
Q

Where are vodkas redistilled?

A

Copper pots or continuous columns

37
Q

Why redistill vodka after being a neutral spirit?

A

Softer and difference mouth feel

38
Q

How is vodka filtered

A

with active charcoal

IBD General Certificate (52 decks)

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