unit 9

Question 1

Social psychology

Answer 1

the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Question 2

Attribution theory

Answer 2

The theory made by Fritz Heider that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

Question 3

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 3

-The tendency for observers, when analyzing others’ behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate disposition

Question 4

Attitude

Answer 4

feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

Question 5

peripheral route persuasion

Answer 5

occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as speakers’ attractiveness (emotion)

Question 6

central route persuasion

Answer 6

occurs when people focus on the argument and respond with favorable thoughts (logic)

Question 7

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Answer 7

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Question 8

Role

Answer 8

a set of expectations (norms) about social positions, defining how those in the position ought to behave

Question 9

Cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 9

The theory that when have discomfort (dissonance) when our thoughts and actions aren’t the same

Question 10

Norms

Answer 10

understood rules for accepted and expected behavior. “proper” behavior

Question 11

conformity

Answer 11

adjusting our behavior or thinking to conform with a group standard (may cause cognitive dissonance)

Question 12

Normative social influence

Answer 12

influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or to avoid disproval

Question 13

Informational social influence

Answer 13

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality

Question 14

social facilitation

Answer 14

improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

Question 15

social loafing

Answer 15

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort in a shared goal then in one they are individually accountable

Question 16

deindividuality

Answer 16

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Question 17

group polarization

Answer 17

the enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

Question 18

groupthink

Answer 18

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Question 19

culture

Answer 19

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from generation to generation

Question 20

prejudice

Answer 20

an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude towards a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action

Question 21

stereotype

Answer 21

A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people

Question 22

individualism

Answer 22

giving priority to ones own goals over group goal (like maslow’s pyramid of needs)

Question 23

collectivism

Answer 23

giving priority to a groups goals over your own

Question 24

Discrimination

Answer 24

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

Question 25

what's the difference between prejudice and discrimination

Answer 25

prejudice is negative attitudes or opinions about a group while discrimination is negative behavior to a group

Question 26

Just-world phenomenon

Answer 26

the tendency for people to believe the world is just, and people get what they deserve and to deserve what they get

Question 27

halo effect

Answer 27

when one trait of a person or thing is used to make an overall judgement of that person (how attractive they are)

Question 28

Ingroup

Answer 28

"us"-people w/ whom we share a common identity

Question 29

ourgroup

Answer 29

"them"-those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

Question 30

ingroup bias

Answer 30

the tendency to favor our own group

Question 31

Scapegoat theory

Answer 31

the theory that prejudice offers an outlets for anger by providing someone to blame

Question 32

other-race effect

Answer 32

the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias

Question 33

aggresion

Answer 33

any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally

Question 34

frustration-aggression principle

Answer 34

the principle that frustration-the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression

Question 35

social script

Answer 35

a culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations

Question 36

mere exposure effects

Answer 36

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to a novel stimuli can increase liking of them (baby preferring Caucasian faces bc their mom is caucasian)

Question 37

passionate love

Answer 37

an aroused state of intense positive feelings towards a partner, usually present at the beginning of a romantic relationship

Question 38

companionate love

Answer 38

the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

Question 39

equity

Answer 39

a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

Question 40

social exchange theory

Answer 40

we want a balance in our relationships, or we might leave reward-cost=outcome

Question 41

door-in-the-face

Answer 41

following up an extravagant request with a reasonable one so that the (guilty) subject agrees to the reasonable one

Question 42

conformity

Answer 42

we tend to do what the group is doing

Question 43

false consensus effect

Answer 43

we seem to think that everyone agrees with us

Question 44

Asch's conformity experience

Answer 44

-shows a line and one person (the subject) disagrees with the others (actors) eventually the subject conforms to what the other people are saying -shows cognitive dissonance

Question 45

Stanley Milgrams obedience experiment

Answer 45

-a subject shocks the person behind the glass at increasingly high voltage when they get the question wrong -shows foot-in-the-door and defusion of responsibility -the person in charge says they that will take the blame if someone gets hurts

Question 46

Defusion of resposibility

Answer 46

an authority saying they take the blame for something a person does, so the person does more harm