unit 7 pt. 1 Flashcards
glucose
the form of sugar that ciculates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. when its level is low, we feel hunger
Appetite hormones that increase hunger
-ghreline: hormone secreted by empty stomach (the little gremlin that gave you hunger)
-orexin: hunger-triggering hormone secreted by hypothalamus
appetite hormones that decrease hunger
-insulin: Hormone secreted by pancreas; controls blood glucose
-leptin: protein hormone secreted by fat cells. increase metabolism and decrease hunger ( the little leprechaun that stole your hunger)
-PYY: digestive tract hormones; sends “im not hungry” to brain
set point
the point at which your “weight thermostat” may be set. when you body falls below this weight, increased hunger and lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore lost weight
basal metabolic rate
the body’s resting rate of energy output
carbs boost what neurotransmitter
serotonin (calming effect)
physiology of hunger
stomach contractions (pangs) send signals to the brain making us aware of our hunger
which psychologist removed rats stomachs, and what did the find
-Tsang
- rats still ate food, so hunger must not only be coming from the stomach
obesity
defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher (over weight is >25)
sexual responce stages
the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
refractory period
in human sexuality, a resting period that occurs after orgasm, during which a person cannot achieve another orgasm
affiliation-need
the need to build relationships and to feel part of a group
neophobia
the fear of trying new things
what does the lateral hypothalamus do for hunger
brings on hunger
what does the ventromedial hypothalamus do fro hunger
suppresses hunger
bulimia nervose
a disorder characterized by lots of overeating, followed by vomiting, using laxatives, fasting, or excessive exercise
Zajone and LeDoux
sometimes emotional response takes neural shortcut that bypasses the cortex and goes directly to the amygdala
display rule
-the idea that we have rules on how we can display emotion
- Ekman’s
Lazarus
-brain processes much info w/o conscious awareness, but mental functioning still takes place
-Emotions arise when an event is appraised as harmless or dangerous
what are the 10 basic emotions according to Carrol Izard
-Joy, Interest excitement, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame, guilt
ostracism
-deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups
narcissism
excessive self love and self absorption
Achievement motivation
-a desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for attaining a high standard
grit
-in psychology, passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long-term goals
emotion
-a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience
james-langer theory
- the theory that our of emotion is our awareness of our physiological response to an emotion-arousing stimulus: stimulus-aroual-emotion
cannon-Bard theory
-the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological response and (2) the subjective experience of emotion
two-factor theory
-the Schachter-singer theory that to experience emotion, one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal
facial feedback effect
-the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feeling such as fear, anger, or happiness
behavior feedback effect
-the tendency of behavior to influence our own and others thoughts, feelings, and actions
stress
-the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
-Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases: alarm, resistance, exhaustion
tend-and-befriend response
-under stress, people (especially woman) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)
health psychology
-a subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine
psychoneuroimmunology
-the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health
coronary heat disease
-the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries
type A personality
-Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger prone people
-more prone to heart attacks
type B personality
-Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easy going, relaxed people
catharsis
-in psychology, the idea that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges
-proven wrong. anger leads to more anger
aerobic exercise
-sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; also helps alleviate depression and anxiety
mindfulness meditation
-a reflective practice in which people attend to current experiences in nonjudgmental and accepting manner
feel-good do-good phenomenon
-peoples tenancy to be helpful when in a good mood
positive psychology
-the scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive
subject well-being
-self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. used along with measures of objective wellbeing (for ex. physical and economic indicators) to evaluate peoples quality of life
adaption-level phenomenon
-our tendency to form judgements (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
relative deprivation
-the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself
spill over effect
-arousal from a soccer game can cause a riot
what does stress become if it prolonged
-chronic stress
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
-psychological disorder characterized by episodes of anxiety, sleeplessness, and nightmares resulting from disturbing past event
post-traumatic growth (PTG)
-positive growth may follow a traumatic event
how does stress effect aging
-telomeres shorten with age and stress shortens them
what does the fight or flight response release
-epinephrine and norepinephrine (hormones)
what are the 3 types of conflict
-Approach/Approach
-Avoidance/Avoidance
-Approach/Avoidance
what is Approach/Approach
-you are attracted to two incompatible goals at the same time
what is Avoidance/Avoidance
-having to choose between two unattractive goals or things
what is Approach/Avoidance
-you are both repelled by and attracted to the same goal
