unit 8 pt 1 (psychological disorders) Flashcards
Psychological disorder
a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior
medical model
the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed/treated (proposed by Philippe pinel)
epigenetics
the study of environmental influences of gene expression that occur w/o a DNA change
DSM-5
the American psychiatric association’s diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders fifth edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
a psychological disorder characterized by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity, and impulsivity
anxiety disorder
psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
social anxiety disorder
intense fear and avoidance of social situations (formerly called social phobia)
generalized anxiety disorder
an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
panic disorder
an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pai, choking, or other frightening sensations; often followed by worry over a possible next attack
agoraphobia
fear or avoidance of situations, such as crowds or wide-open places, where one has felt loss of control/panic
phobia
an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity or situation
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both
major depression disorder
-a disorder in which a person experiences , in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure
Bipolar disorder
a disorder in which a person alternates between hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania (formerly called manic depressive disorder)
mania
a hyperactive, widely optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common
rumination
compulsive fretting; overthinking our problems and their causes
schizophrenia
a disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganization, disorganized speak, and or diminished or inappropriate emotional expression
psychotic disorders
a group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and loss of contact with reality
hallucinations
false sensory experiences, such has seeing something that is not there
delusion
a false belief (thinking Im Madonna would be a delusion)
chronic schizophrenia
(also called process schizophrenia) a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten
acute schizophrenia
(also called reactive schizophrenia) a form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age; frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event
somatic symptom disorder
a psychological disorder in which the symptoms take somatic (bodily) form with out apparent physical cause (formerly called somatoform disorder)
conversion disorder
a disorder related to somatic symptom disorder in which a person experiences very specific physical symptoms that are not compatible with recognized medical or neurological conditions (also called functional neurological symptom disorder)
illness anxiety disorder
a disorder related to somatic symptom disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease (formerly called hypochondriasis)
dissociative disorders
controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts and feelings
dissociative identity disorder
a rare dissociative disorder in which ha person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities (formerly called multiple personality disorder)
personality disorders
inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
Antisocial personality disorder
a personality disorder in which a person (usually male) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrong doing, even towards friends and family; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise
bulimia nervosa
an eating disorder in which a person’s binge eating is followed by inappropriate weight-loss promoting behavior, such as vomiting, taking laxatives or excessive exercise
binge-eating disorder
significant binge eating episode, followed by distress or guilt, but no compensatory behavior that marks bulimia
what are the types of symptoms for schizophrenia
-positive symptoms: the presence of inappropriate behaviors (hallucinations, disorganization)
-negative symptoms: the absence of appropriate behaviors (expressionless face, rigid bodies)
