The Eye (unit 3)

Question 1

Cornea

Answer 1

Portion of the eye through which light passes (to the pupil and lens) and is bent to help provide focus

Question 2

Pupil

Answer 2

A small adjustable opening through which light passes through. Controlled by the iris

Question 3

Iris

Answer 3

A colored muscle surrounding the pupil that controls its size

Question 4

Lens

Answer 4

Focuses incoming light rays onto an image on the retina on the eyeballs sensitive inner surface

Question 5

Accommodation

Answer 5

The process by which the lens changes shape to focus near of far objects on the retina

Question 6

Sclera

Answer 6

The outer layer of the eye that is white and smoothly transitions to the cornea

Question 7

Astigmatism

Answer 7

A disorder of the curvature of the cornea or lens that results in difficulty seeing fine detail

Question 8

Conjunctiva

Answer 8

A thin layer of mucous membrane that covers the outer eye and inside of eyelids for protection

Question 9

Aqueous humor

Answer 9

Clear fluid located located near the front of the eye that supplies nutrients to the eye, removes waste, and maintains the shape of the eye

Question 10

Cataracts

Answer 10

A condition where the lens of the eye is cloudy

Question 11

Vitreous humor

Answer 11

A gelatinous clear fluid that fills the area behind the lens to the back of the eye

Question 12

Retina

Answer 12

The surface on the back of the eye that is sensitive to light and contains the photoreceptors required for vision

Question 13

Fovea

Answer 13

A small depression in the retina where retinal cone are densely located (point of central focus)

Question 14

Retinal cones

Answer 14

The photoreceptors that allow for color vision. Require moderate to bright light to activate.

Question 15

Retinal rods

Answer 15

The photoreceptors that allow for black and white vision. Require little light for activation, but are not detailed

Question 16

Bipolar cell

Answer 16

Send visual info from the rods and cones to the ganglion cell

Question 17

Ganglion cell

Answer 17

Relay info from the retinal to the brain through the optic nerve

Question 18

Optic nerve

Answer 18

The bundle of ganglion axons that leave the back of the eye and send info to the brain to allow for vision

Question 19

Trichromatic theory

Answer 19

A concept about color that states that all color can be made by a mixture of red, green, and blue

Question 20

Opponent-processing theory

Answer 20

A concept about vision that states that there is are specific processes that inhibit one color and stimulate the other in the pair

Question 21

The pairs in opponent-processing theory

Answer 21

Red-green, blue-yellow, and white-black

Question 22

Monochromatism

Answer 22

A type of color blindness where the person sees everything in a shade of one color because they only have one type of cone pigmentation

Question 23

Achromatism

Answer 23

A rare type of color blindness where the person doesn’t have any retinal cones, so the only see in black, white, and grey

Question 24

Dichromatism

Answer 24

A type of color blindness where the person is missing one of the typical three cone pigments

Question 25

Trichromatism

Answer 25

Normal vision

Question 26

Synesthesia

Answer 26

A medical condition where stimulation of one sense also elicits another sense to fire

Question 27

Blind spot

Answer 27

The point where the optic nerve leaves the eye, causing a blind spot with no receptor cells

Question 28

Optic nerve

Answer 28

The bundle of ganglion axons that leave the back of the eye and send info to the brain

Question 29

Trichromatic theory

Answer 29

A concept about sight and color, that states that all colors can be made and seen a a mixture of red, green, and blue

Question 30

Opponent-processing theory

Answer 30

A concept about vision that states that there are specific processes that inhibit one color and stimulate the other in the pair

Question 31

Pairs of opponent-processing theory

Answer 31

Red/green, blue/yellow, black/white

Question 32

Monochromatism

Answer 32

A type of color blindness where the person sees everything in a shade of one color because that only have one type of cone photopigment

Question 33

Achromatism

Answer 33

A rare type of color blindness where the person doesn’t have any retinal cones so they only see in black, white and grey

Question 34

Dichromatism

Answer 34

A type of color blindness where the person is missing 1 of the typical 3 cone pigment

Question 35

Trichromatism

Answer 35

Normal vision

Question 36

Synesthesia

Answer 36

A medical condition where stimulation is one sense also elicits another sense to fire