The Eye (unit 3) Flashcards
Cornea
Portion of the eye through which light passes (to the pupil and lens) and is bent to help provide focus
Pupil
A small adjustable opening through which light passes through. Controlled by the iris
Iris
A colored muscle surrounding the pupil that controls its size
Lens
Focuses incoming light rays onto an image on the retina on the eyeballs sensitive inner surface
Accommodation
The process by which the lens changes shape to focus near of far objects on the retina
Sclera
The outer layer of the eye that is white and smoothly transitions to the cornea
Astigmatism
A disorder of the curvature of the cornea or lens that results in difficulty seeing fine detail
Conjunctiva
A thin layer of mucous membrane that covers the outer eye and inside of eyelids for protection
Aqueous humor
Clear fluid located located near the front of the eye that supplies nutrients to the eye, removes waste, and maintains the shape of the eye
Cataracts
A condition where the lens of the eye is cloudy
Vitreous humor
A gelatinous clear fluid that fills the area behind the lens to the back of the eye
Retina
The surface on the back of the eye that is sensitive to light and contains the photoreceptors required for vision
Fovea
A small depression in the retina where retinal cone are densely located (point of central focus)
Retinal cones
The photoreceptors that allow for color vision. Require moderate to bright light to activate.
Retinal rods
The photoreceptors that allow for black and white vision. Require little light for activation, but are not detailed
Bipolar cell
Send visual info from the rods and cones to the ganglion cell
Ganglion cell
Relay info from the retinal to the brain through the optic nerve
Optic nerve
The bundle of ganglion axons that leave the back of the eye and send info to the brain to allow for vision
Trichromatic theory
A concept about color that states that all color can be made by a mixture of red, green, and blue
Opponent-processing theory
A concept about vision that states that there is are specific processes that inhibit one color and stimulate the other in the pair
The pairs in opponent-processing theory
Red-green, blue-yellow, and white-black
Monochromatism
A type of color blindness where the person sees everything in a shade of one color because they only have one type of cone pigmentation
Achromatism
A rare type of color blindness where the person doesn’t have any retinal cones, so the only see in black, white, and grey
Dichromatism
A type of color blindness where the person is missing one of the typical three cone pigments
Trichromatism
Normal vision
Synesthesia
A medical condition where stimulation of one sense also elicits another sense to fire
Blind spot
The point where the optic nerve leaves the eye, causing a blind spot with no receptor cells
Optic nerve
The bundle of ganglion axons that leave the back of the eye and send info to the brain
Trichromatic theory
A concept about sight and color, that states that all colors can be made and seen a a mixture of red, green, and blue
Opponent-processing theory
A concept about vision that states that there are specific processes that inhibit one color and stimulate the other in the pair
Pairs of opponent-processing theory
Red/green, blue/yellow, black/white
Monochromatism
A type of color blindness where the person sees everything in a shade of one color because that only have one type of cone photopigment
Achromatism
A rare type of color blindness where the person doesn’t have any retinal cones so they only see in black, white and grey
Dichromatism
A type of color blindness where the person is missing 1 of the typical 3 cone pigment
Trichromatism
Normal vision
Synesthesia
A medical condition where stimulation is one sense also elicits another sense to fire
