Sleep & Drugs (Unit 2 Pt 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Our biological clock

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2
Q

REM sleep

A

AKA paradoxical sleep, vivid dreams commonly occur but you are essentially paralyzed

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3
Q

Alpha waves

A

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed but awake state

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4
Q

NREM sleep

A

Encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep

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5
Q

Hallucinations happen in what sleep stage

A

NREM-1

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6
Q

Hypnagogic sensations

A

A jerking or feeling of falling or floating while transitioning to sleep

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7
Q

Delta waves

A

The large slow brain waves associated with deep sleep (NREM-3)

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8
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

(SCN) a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm.

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9
Q

Insomnia

A

Recurring problems In falling or staying asleep

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10
Q

Narcolepsy

A

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks

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11
Q

Sleep apnea

A

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep

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12
Q

Night terrors

A

Occurs during NREM-3 sleep, high arousal and an appearance of being terrified

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13
Q

Manifest content

A

The storyline of a dream

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14
Q

Latent content

A

The underlying meaning of a dream

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15
Q

Sleep theories

A

Freuds wish fulfillment
Info-processing
Physiological function
Activation synthesis
Cognitive development

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16
Q

REM rebound

A

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

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17
Q

Freuds wish fulfillment theory

A

Dreams preserve sleep and provide a “psychic safety value”

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18
Q

Information processing dream theory

A

Dreams held us sort out the days events and consolidate memories

19
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

The inability to see an object or person in our midst, due to our attention being directed elsewhere

20
Q

Change blindness

A

When something changes and we don’t notice

21
Q

Physiological function dream theory

A

Stimulation from REM sleep may help us preserve and develop neural pathways

22
Q

Activation-synthesis dream theory

A

REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, that our brain weaves into dreams/stories

23
Q

Cognitive development dream theory

A

A dreams content reflects dreamers levels of cognitive development

24
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

25
Q

Substance use disorder

A

A disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption or physical risk

26
Q

Tolerence

A

Brain chemistry adapts to offset the effects of drugs, which increases the dose of the drugs to get the effect

27
Q

Withdrawal

A

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing and addictive drug or behavior

28
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

29
Q

Alcohol disruptions

A

Slowed neural processes
Memory
Reduced self awareness

30
Q

Barbiturates

A

AKA tranquilizers
Drugs that depress CNS activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

31
Q

Opiates

A

Opium and its derivatives (such as morphine and heroin) depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

32
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs ( such as caffeine, nicotine,cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamines, and MDMA) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

33
Q

Nicotine

A

A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco.

34
Q

Physiological effects of nicotine

A

Arouses brain to a more alert state

Increases heart rate and blood pressure

Relaxes muscles and triggers relaxing neurotransmitters

Reduces circulation to extremities

Suppress appetite for carbs

35
Q

Cocaine

A

A powerful and addictive stimulant that produces temporarily increased alertness and euphoria

36
Q

What neurotransmitters does cocaine block the uptake of?

A

Dopamine, serotonin, and norapinephrine

37
Q

Amphetamines

A

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, cause accelerated body functions and energy and mood changes

38
Q

Methamphetamines

A

Stimulates CNS, triggers dopamine release, over time appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

39
Q

Ecstasy (MDMA)

A

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and d social intimacies, but with short-term health issues, and long-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons, mood and cognition

40
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Psychedelic drugs such as LSD that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input

41
Q

LSD

A

A powerful hallucinogenic drug, also known as acid

42
Q

Marijuana (THC)

A

Triggers a variety of effects such as hallucinations, euphoric high, and impaired movement

43
Q

Why does marijuana work in smaller doses?

A

It stays in your system for a long time, so the more you use the less you need to get the desired effect because it is already in your system