Sleep & Drugs (Unit 2 Pt 2) Flashcards
Circadian rhythm
Our biological clock
REM sleep
AKA paradoxical sleep, vivid dreams commonly occur but you are essentially paralyzed
Alpha waves
The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed but awake state
NREM sleep
Encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep
Hallucinations happen in what sleep stage
NREM-1
Hypnagogic sensations
A jerking or feeling of falling or floating while transitioning to sleep
Delta waves
The large slow brain waves associated with deep sleep (NREM-3)
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
(SCN) a pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm.
Insomnia
Recurring problems In falling or staying asleep
Narcolepsy
A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks
Sleep apnea
A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep
Night terrors
Occurs during NREM-3 sleep, high arousal and an appearance of being terrified
Manifest content
The storyline of a dream
Latent content
The underlying meaning of a dream
Sleep theories
Freuds wish fulfillment
Info-processing
Physiological function
Activation synthesis
Cognitive development
REM rebound
The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation
Freuds wish fulfillment theory
Dreams preserve sleep and provide a “psychic safety value”
Information processing dream theory
Dreams held us sort out the days events and consolidate memories
Inattentional blindness
The inability to see an object or person in our midst, due to our attention being directed elsewhere
Change blindness
When something changes and we don’t notice
Physiological function dream theory
Stimulation from REM sleep may help us preserve and develop neural pathways
Activation-synthesis dream theory
REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, that our brain weaves into dreams/stories
Cognitive development dream theory
A dreams content reflects dreamers levels of cognitive development
Psychoactive drugs
A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood
Substance use disorder
A disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption or physical risk
Tolerence
Brain chemistry adapts to offset the effects of drugs, which increases the dose of the drugs to get the effect
Withdrawal
The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing and addictive drug or behavior
Depressants
Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions
Alcohol disruptions
Slowed neural processes
Memory
Reduced self awareness
Barbiturates
AKA tranquilizers
Drugs that depress CNS activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment
Opiates
Opium and its derivatives (such as morphine and heroin) depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
Stimulants
Drugs ( such as caffeine, nicotine,cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamines, and MDMA) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions
Nicotine
A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco.
Physiological effects of nicotine
Arouses brain to a more alert state
Increases heart rate and blood pressure
Relaxes muscles and triggers relaxing neurotransmitters
Reduces circulation to extremities
Suppress appetite for carbs
Cocaine
A powerful and addictive stimulant that produces temporarily increased alertness and euphoria
What neurotransmitters does cocaine block the uptake of?
Dopamine, serotonin, and norapinephrine
Amphetamines
Drugs that stimulate neural activity, cause accelerated body functions and energy and mood changes
Methamphetamines
Stimulates CNS, triggers dopamine release, over time appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels
Ecstasy (MDMA)
A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and d social intimacies, but with short-term health issues, and long-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons, mood and cognition
Hallucinogens
Psychedelic drugs such as LSD that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
LSD
A powerful hallucinogenic drug, also known as acid
Marijuana (THC)
Triggers a variety of effects such as hallucinations, euphoric high, and impaired movement
Why does marijuana work in smaller doses?
It stays in your system for a long time, so the more you use the less you need to get the desired effect because it is already in your system
