Unit 8: Review

Question 1

Psychological Disorder

Answer 1

A syndrome marked by a clincally significant disturbannce in an individual’s cognition, emotion, regulation, or behavior

Question 2

ADHD

Answer 2

A psychological disorder marked by one or more three key symptoms; extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impylsivity.

Question 3

Medical Model

Answer 3

The concept that psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured

Question 4

Biosychosocial approach

Answer 4

All behavior, whether normal or disordered, arises from the interaction of nature and nurture

Question 5

DSM-5

Answer 5

Describes criteria for diagnosis and defines who is eligible for treatments

Question 6

What makes people more susceptible to developing psychological disorders?

Answer 6

Factors such as family disorganization, low socioeconomic status, and poor work skills and habits

Question 7

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 7

A person is unexplainably and continually tense and uneasy

Question 8

Panic Disorder

Answer 8

A person experiences suddeen episodes of intense dread (panic attacks)

Question 9

Phobias

Answer 9

A person is intensely annd irrationally afraid of a specific object or situation

Question 10

Agoraphobia

Answer 10

The fear or avoidance of situations in which escape may be difficult when panic strikes

Question 11

Social Anxiety Disorder

Answer 11

An intense fear of being scrutinized by others

Question 12

OCD

Answer 12

Unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessiions) and/or actions (compulsions)

Question 13

PTSD

Answer 13

Characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawl, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic expereince

Question 14

Posttramautic Growth

Answer 14

Describes those who have experienced tramatic events, but, instead of developing PTSD, they experience a positive psychological change

Question 15

Learning Perspective

Answer 15

Anxieties are learned thorugh conditioning by being reinforced by a person avoiding or escaping a feared situation

Question 16

Biological Perspective

Answer 16

Fears and anxieties we develop are due to our species history of learning to avoid things to aid survival

Question 17

Mood disorders

Answer 17

Characterized by extreme emotions

Question 18

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 18

Where one experiences prolonged hopelessness andd lethargy

Question 19

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 19

Alternating between depression and mania

Question 20

Anxiety vs. Depression

Answer 20

Anxiety - response to the threat of future loss
Depression - response to past and current loss

Question 21

Men vs. Women (depression)

Answer 21

Women are twice as likely to be depressed. Preadolescent girls and boys have the same chance of being derpressed

Question 22

Biological view on depression

Answer 22

Mood disorders run in familes

Question 23

Social-Cognitive view on depression

Answer 23

Depressed people view life with negative assumptions about themselves

Question 24

How to relieve depression

Answer 24

Drugs that increase serotonion and norepinephrine, physical exercise, healthy diet

Question 25

Learned Helplessness & Depression

Answer 25

People experienced learned helplessness after uncontrollable painful events, they feel as though everything is out of control and become depressed

Question 26

Schizophrenia

Answer 26

Characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expressions

Question 27

Psychosis

Answer 27

Losing contact with reality. Experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions

Question 28

Delusions

Answer 28

False beliefs. Ex: "I'm the king of England"

Question 29

Hallucinations

Answer 29

Sensory experiences without sensory stimulation. Usually auditory (hearing voices)

Question 30

Selective attention & schizophrenia

Answer 30

People with schizophrenia do not have selective attention (our ability to give our undivided attention to one set of stimuli while filtering out others). Irrelevant stimuli will distract people with schizophrenia.

Question 31

Flat Affect

Answer 31

When people with Schizophrenia go into an emotionless state

Question 32

Catatonia

Answer 32

When people with Schizophrenia remain motionless for hours and then become agitated

Question 33

Positive vs. Negative symptoms

Answer 33

Positive - presence of inapproapriate behaviors (hallucinations) Negative - absence of appropriate behaviors (having no emotions)

Question 34

Brains & Schizphrenia

Answer 34

People with Schiz

Question 35

Brains & Schizphrenia

Answer 35

People with Schizophrenia have excess receptors for dopamine, which explains positive symptoms. Also abnormal acitivity in multiple brain areas

Question 36

Pregnancy & Schizophrenia

Answer 36

A mid preganacy viral infection increases the baby's chance of having schizophrenia

Question 37

Somatic Symptom Disorder

Answer 37

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take bodily form without apparent physical cause

Question 38

Conversion Disorder

Answer 38

A disorder in which a person experiences a specific genuine physical symptom but no physiological basis can be found

Question 39

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Answer 39

Person interprets normal physical senstations as symptoms of a disease

Question 40

Dissociative Disorders

Answer 40

Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, or feelings

Question 41

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 41

Eating disorder - starvation diet is maintained despite being 15% or more underweight

Question 42

Avoidant Personaility Disorder

Answer 42

Having chronic feelings of inadequacy and are highly sensitive to being nnegatively judged by others

Question 43

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Answer 43

Consistent pattern of detachment from and general disinterest in social relationships

Question 44

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Answer 44

Unreasonably high sense of your own importance

Question 45

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 45

(Sociopath) Lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family members

Question 46

Psychologists who pushed for humane treatment

Answer 46

Philippe Pinel Dorothea Dix

Question 47

Psychoanalysis

Answer 47

Focuses on the unconcious using free association

Question 48

Insight Therapy

Answer 48

Aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

Question 49

Client-Centered Therapy

Answer 49

Therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine accepting, empathetic evionrmen

Question 50

Behavior Therapy

Answer 50

Believes that problem behaviors are THE problem, and look to fix them and not look into the deeper meaning - uses counterconditioning

Question 51

Aversive conditioning

Answer 51

A type of counterconditioning - associates an unpleasent state with unwanted behavior

Question 52

Cognitive Therapy

Answer 52

Teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking

Question 53

REBT

Answer 53

Rational-emotive behavior therapy - confrontational therapy that vigorously challenges peoples self-defeating attitudes and assumptions

Question 54

ECT

Answer 54

Sends a brief electric current through the brain of a severely depressed paitent

Question 55

rTMS

Answer 55

Repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain. The paitent is awake

Question 56

Carl Rodgers

Answer 56

Person-centered therapy (a form of humanistic therapy). Unconditional positive regard

Question 57

Joseph Wolpe

Answer 57

Systematic Desensitization

Question 58

Aaron Beck

Answer 58

Suggested that depressed patients believe that they can never be happy