Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Unit 2: Reading & Notes > Flashcards

Unit 2: Reading & Notes Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Biological Psychology

A

Analyze the links between biology and psychological processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

All or none response

A

The neuron will fire everything down it completely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Agonist

A

Drug that will bind to a receptor site, like a key to a lock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antagonist

A

Will block receptor sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Synapse

A

Open space between two neurons at which neurotransmitters cross

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical substance that crosses the synapse to the next neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Endorphins

A

“morphine within” - natural opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and plesure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Central Nervous System vs. Peripheral Nervous System

A

CNS is the brain and spinal cord and PNS is everything else

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does the brain send messages?

A

Through neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Knee-Jerk Response

A

Sudden uncontrollable jerk of the leg when it gets hit in a certain spot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nerves

A

The basic building block of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sensory Nerves

A

Afferent - Carries incoming messages/information from the sense receptors to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Carries outgoing information from the CNS to the peripheral nervous system and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Interneurons

A

Efferent - The only neurons in the CNS, acting as messengers between sensory and motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

controls the body’s skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Automatic Nervous Systems

A

Controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Calms the body, conserving its senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Endocrine System

A

Uses a set of gland to secrete hormones into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Endocrine vs. Nervous system

A

Endocrine is slower, they both change how you act but the endocrine does this with chemical signaling and the nervous system does it with electrical signaling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

Arouse the body in a time of stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Afferent vs. Efferent `

A

Afferent neurons carry information from the senses to the CNS and efferent neurons carry information from the CNS to the muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

Recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeping across the brain’s surface from electrodes placed on the scalp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Computed Tomography (CT)

A

Series of x-rays taken from different angles and combines by a computer into a composite representation of a slice of the brain’s structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

A

A visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a specific task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

A technique that uses magnetic fields to produce computer-generated images of soft tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Functional MRI (fMRI)

A

A technique for revealing blood flow and therefore, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Brainstem

A

Responsible for automatic survival functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Medulla

A

Controls heartbeat and breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How is the body wired?

A

Nerves from the left are linked to the right and vice versa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Thalamus

A

The brain’s sensory control center, like a bus station where traffic passes en route to various destinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Cerebellum

A

Little brain, processes sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance, enables nonverbal learning and memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Limbic system

A

Associated with emotions and drives, houses the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Maintenance activities, regulates thirst and hunger, emotion and reward, body temperature, and sexual behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Last ‘layer’ of the brain and information-processing center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Glial Cells

A

Like worker bees while the neuron is the queen bee. Provide nutrients and ‘mop up’ ions

37
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Involved in speaking, muscle movement, and making judgment

38
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Controls touch and body position

39
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Processes visual information

40
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Receives information from the opposite ear

41
Q

Motor Cortex and somatosensory Cortex

A

For movement - allows more space in the brain for body parts that require precise control

42
Q

Phenieas Gage

A

Got frontal lobe damage, no motor control or memory loss but he did experience a personality change

43
Q

Plasticity

A

Brain’s ability to reorganize neurons. Ex. Blind people’s visual cells go to touch, which is why blind people can read braille

44
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Allows the right and left hemispheres to work together.

45
Q

Split-Brain person

A

Able to complete two different tasks simultaneously

46
Q

Consciousness

A

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

47
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

The interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition

48
Q

Dual Processing

A

Information that is processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

49
Q

Genes

A

What makes up chromosomes, which are segments of DNA capable of synthesizing proteins

50
Q

Behavior Genetics

A

The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior

51
Q

Enviorment

A

Every external influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us

52
Q

Chromosomes

A

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain genes

53
Q

DNA

A

A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes

54
Q

Genome

A

The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes

55
Q

Identical vs. Fraternal

A

Identical have the exact same genes and fraternal are like brothers or sisters

56
Q

Heritablity

A

The extent to which differences among people can be related to their genes

57
Q

Epigenetics

A

When environmental or behavioral factors can affect someones genes

58
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

Uses idea of natural selection to understand the roots of behavior and mental processes

59
Q

Male vs. Females sex drive

A

Males approach to sex is recreational, while females is more relational

60
Q

Mutations

A

A random error in gene replication that leads to a change

61
Q

Occam’s razor

A

The principle that we should prefer the simplest of competing explanations

62
Q

Consciousness in psychology’s history

A

Used to be the core of psychology, around the 60s it turned to only the study of behavior, then psychologists started studying consciousness again

63
Q

Different states of consiousness

A

We have a consciousness “stream of consciousness”, with each moment flowing to the next

64
Q

Reasons for hypnosis

A

Relieve pain and trauma

65
Q

Stroop Effect

A

delay in reaction time between congruent and incongruent stimuli

66
Q

Hypnosis

A

A social interaction in which one person responds to another person’s suggests that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

67
Q

Posthypnotic suggestions

A

A suggestion made during a hypnosis session to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired behaviors

68
Q

Hypnotherapy

A

Hypnotic procedure can sometimes help people overcome stress-related ailments and cope with pain

69
Q

Dissociation

A

A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

70
Q

Circadian Rythm

A

Internal biological clock synchronized with the cycle of night and day

71
Q

Sleep Cycle

A

We go through 4 stages of sleep in 90 minutes

72
Q

REM sleep

A

Rapid Eye Movement - heart rate rises, internal arousal, breathing becomes more rapid and irregular. Most dreaming occurs here

73
Q

Alpha Waves

A

Relatively slow brain waves of an awake, relaxed state. When you are trying to sleep

74
Q

NREM

A

Non-rapid eye movement sleep, encompasses all sleep stages except for REM

75
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

A

A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that control the circadian rhythm

76
Q

What are sleep’s functions?

A

To restore and repair damaged neurons and encode memories

77
Q

Effects of sleep-loss

A

Makes up feel drained of energy and without feelings of well-being

78
Q

How is sleep loss related to obesity?

A

Increases hunger arousing proteins, causes you to eat more and exercise less

79
Q

How is sleep loss related to viral infections?

A

Immune cell production can be supressed

80
Q

Insomnia

A

Happens in 1/4 of people, persistent problems with falling or staying asleep

81
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Sudden attacks of overwhelming sleepiness

82
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Intermittently stops breathing during sleep

83
Q

Night terrors

A

High arousal and appearance of being terrified

84
Q

What do we dream?

A

Our dreams mostly consist of at least one negative event, which can be vivid, emotional, or bizarre

85
Q

Tolerence

A

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug

86
Q

When is drug use a disorder?

A

When the person craves and uses the substance despite its adverse consequences

87
Q

Addiction

A

Compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors despite known consequences

88
Q

Psychoactive Drug

A

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

89
Q

Effects of alcochol

A

Slows the sympathetic nervous system and suppresses REM sleep

90
Q

Stimulant vs. Depressant

A

Depressants slow neural activity and stimulants excite it

Psychology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions