AP REVIEW: UNIT II Flashcards
Hindsight Bias
The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it
Critical Thinking
Thanking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, assess the source, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions
Theory
The explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicys behaviors or events
Hypothesis
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Operational Definition
A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study
Replication
Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances
Case Study
A descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
Naturalistic Observation
Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation
Survey
A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group
Sampling Bias
A flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample
Population
All those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn
Random Sample
A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
Correlation
A measure of the extent to which two variables change together, and thus of well either variable predicts the other
Correlation Coefficient
A statistical index of the relationship between two variables (from -1.00 to +1.00)
