Unit 5 (pt. 2): Reading Flashcards
Intelligence
The mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
Factor Analysis
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items. Used on intelligence tests
Savant Syndrome
A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill
Gardner vs. Sternberg’s theories of intelligence
Gardner: 8 Intelligences
Sternberg: 3 Intelligences
Emotional Intelligence
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
Intelligence vs. Anatomy of the brain
People who score higher on intelligence tests have slightly larger brains, especially in the frontal and parietal lobes
Spearman
“G”, a basic intelligence predicts our abilities in varied academic areas
Thurstone
Our intelligence can be broken down into seven factors
Gardner
Our abilities are best classified into eight independent intelligences, which include a broad range of skills beyond traditional school smarts
Sternberg
Our intelligence is best classified into three areas that predict real-world success, analytical, creative, and practical
When and why were intelligence tests created?
When - 1880s
Why - Francis Galton wanted to use Darwin’s ideology to attempt to measure a single intelligence factor to encourage those with high intelligence to mate
Alfred Binet
Created the IQ test to measure how well a child would do in school using the concept of mental age
Mental age (IQ)
Chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance, (mental age/actual age x 100)
Stanford-Binet test
The widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test
Negative sides of intelligence tests
- Work well for children, not for adults
- Relate to eugenics
Achievement vs. Aptitude test
Achievement - measure what you have learned
Aptitude - predict your ability to learn
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
The most widely used intelligence test. Contains verbal and performance substests
Standardization
Creating meaningful scores by comparing performance to a pre-tested group
Normal curve
Symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes, including intelligence tests
Reliability
The extent to which a test yields consistent results
Validity
The extent to which a test predicts what it is supposed to
Cross-sectional vs. longitudinal evidence
Cross-sectional - looking at a variety of groups at one time
Longitudinal - looking at the same group over time
Fluid vs. Crystallized Intelligence
Crystallized - accumulated knowledge and verbal skills
Fluid - Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly
IQ Stability over Lifespan
Usually stays the same with age
Low vs. High intelligence extremes
Low intelligence - Trouble with conceptual skills, social skills, and practical skills
High intelligence - Attain high levels of education, more isolated, tend to be more successful in life than others
Intellectual disability
A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an IQ score of 70 or below
Down syndrome
A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by and extra copy of chromosome 21
Heritability
Proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes.
Gender differences in intelligence scores
Men have skills that would have helped them hunt and track prey, women have skills that would have helped them remember the location of edible plants
Stereotype threat
A self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
