Unit 7 Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is evolution?
Change in the allele frequency in a population over time
This can also be described as change in the gene pool of a population over time.
Does evolution occur in individuals or populations?
Evolution occurs in populations, NOT individuals.
What are the two areas of study in evolution?
Microevolution and Macroevolution.
What is evolution?
Change in the allele frequency in a population over time
This can also be described as change in the gene pool of a population over time.
Does evolution occur in individuals or populations?
Evolution occurs in populations, NOT individuals.
What are the two areas of study in evolution?
Microevolution and Macroevolution.
What’s microevolution?
Whats macroevolution
What are the three general requirements for evolution to occur?
- Variation in characteristics between individuals in a population
- Overproduction of offspring
- Competition for limited resources
What must organisms possess to outcompete others for resources?
Genetic variations
True or False: Overproduction of offspring is one of the requirements for evolution.
True
Fill in the blank: Organisms that possess genetic variations that allow them to outcompete others for resources will ______ and pass their genes on to the next generation.
survive
What happens to allele frequency as a result of survival and reproduction of individuals with advantageous traits?
It shifts towards their traits
What does competition for limited resources lead to in a population?
Survival of the fittest
What are the 5 mechanisms that can cause evolution in a population
Genetic drift, sexual selection, mutations, gene flow, natural selection
What’s genetic drift?
Non selective change in allele frequency in a population due to random chance events that equally affect all members of the population regardless of their traits.
Fill in the blank: genetic drift ___ genetic diversity and makes serviceability ____
Lowers
Difficult
What are the two types of genetic drift
Founder effect and bottleneck event
What is the founder effect?
What is a bottleneck event?
What’s a consequence of the founder effect
If the alleles for rare, recessive traits are present in high frequency in the new population there can be a higher incidence of rare, recessive diseases
What is sexual selection?
Selective change where in allele frequency shifts due to selection of mates based on physical characteristics. Allele frequency shifts toward favorable traits
What’s a mutation?
Random change in allele frequency caused by changes in DNA sequence that result in phenotypic variation that can be acted upon by natural selection
What’s gene flow
What is evolutionary fitness measured by?
Reproductive success
This measures how well an organism can pass on its genes to the next generation.
What is considered a fit organism?
An organism that survives and passes on its genes to the next generation
This includes both survival and successful reproduction.
True or False: Organisms that do not pass on their genes to the next generation are considered fit.
False
Only organisms that successfully reproduce are deemed fit in evolutionary terms.
What is natural selection
Selective and adaptive changes in allele frequency resulting from differential reproductive success in response to selective pressures from the environment.
It’s the major driving force behind evolution
What’s another word for natural selection
Differential reproduction
Natural selection causes ____ in predator and prey species
Adaptation
What is artificial selection
Selective and adaptive changes in allele frequency caused by humans selecting and breeding members of species for specific traits
What’s direction selection
What’s stabilizing selection
What’s disruptive selection
