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AP BIO > Unit 3 Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Quiz 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ancestral ______ were the first to evolve the use of photosynthesis on specialized internal _____

A

Prokaryotes, membranes

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2
Q

The evolution of photosynthesis introduced _____ into early Earth’s atmosphere

A

Oxygen

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3
Q

Eukaryotic cells capable of performing photosynthesis evolved as a result of endosymbiosis between a _______ and _____ prokaryote

A

Photosynthetic, non-photosynthetic

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4
Q

The early atmosphere of Earth had little or no _____

A

Oxygen gas

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5
Q

Define Fermentation

A

Ancient biochemical pathway that does not require oxygen gas

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6
Q

Anaerobic cellular respiration makes use of final electron acceptors other than _____

A

Oxygen gas

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7
Q

All of the oxygen in Earths atmosphere results from _______ by photosynthetic bacteria, algae, and plants

A

Photosynthesis

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8
Q

The ability as an electron donor in photosynthesis first evolved in _____ 2.4 billion years ago

A

Cyanobacteria

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9
Q

What are the three separate parts that work together to generate NADPH and ATP in light dependent reactions?

A

Photolysis, electron transport chain, chemiosmosis

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10
Q

Electron carries for photosynthesis include _____ and _____

A

NADP+, NADPH

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11
Q

Antenna chlorophyll molecules transfer absorbed light energy to the _____

A

Reaction center (also chlorophyll)

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12
Q

Reaction centers transfer electrons to an _____ thus initiating the photosynthetic electron transport chain

A

Electron acceptor(protein)

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13
Q

_____ is the electron donor In the light dependent reactions and _____ is the final electron acceptor

A

water, NADP+

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14
Q

The photosynthetic electrons transports chain consists of what 2 photosystems in a series?

A

Photosystem II and Photosystem I

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15
Q

Photosystem II pulls electrons from _____, resulting in the production of oxygen.

A

Water

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16
Q

Photosystem I reduces NADP+, producing ____

A

NADPH

17
Q

The movement through the electron transport chain is ______ with the transfer of protons from the stroma to the thylakoid space in the light dependent reactions

A

Coupled

18
Q

The buildup of protons in the thylakoid space drives the production of ATP by _____

A

ATP Synthase

19
Q

Define photolysis

A

Water is struck by a photon of light and broken into O_2, H+ ions and electrons.

20
Q

In the light depends reactions, energy from the moving electrons through the electron transport chain is used to actively transport _____ from the ____ to the ____ creating and maintaining a _____ concentration across the thylakoid membrane

A

H+, stroma, lumen, H+

21
Q

By the time the electron has gone through the electron transport chain from Photosystem II to Photosystem I, it has ____ energy

A

Lost

22
Q

An electron is hit by a ____ of ____ and excites it again in Photosystem I (after traveling through the electron transport chain from Photosystem II). This electron is captured by _____ and a _____ to reduce NADP+ to NADPH

A

Photon of light , NADP+, H+ ion

23
Q

NADPH is transported to the ____ and used in the ________ ______ reactions.

A

Stroma, light independent

24
Q

Define Chemiosmosis

A

When H+ ions diffuse through a channel in ATP synthase.

25
Q

The energy of diffusion of chemiosmosis allows ATP synthase to phosphorylate to ____ to make ____

A

ADP, ATP

26
Q

In the ATP synthase Hydrogen ions move from ___ to ____ concentrations

A

High, low

27
Q

Define photophosphorylation

A

The process by which plants use light energy to convert ADP to ATP

28
Q

The Calvin cycle occurs in the ____ of the chloroplast

A

Stroma

29
Q

The inputs of the Calvin cycle include ___ ___ and _____

A

CO_2, NADPH, and ATP

30
Q

The outputs of the Calvin cycle are ____ ___ and _____

A

Glucose, NADP+, ADP

31
Q

in the Calvin cycle _____ and _____ are oxidized, and the energy released from the oxidation is used by the enzyme ______ to reduce and fix inorganic carbon from CO_2 into an organic form in ____. This regenerates ______ and ____, which are recycled back to the light _____ reactions

A

NADPH, ATP, RuBisCo, glucose, NADP+, ADP, dependent

32
Q

The Calvin cycle must occur ____ before one glucose molecule is produced

A

Twice

33
Q

Stomata ____ during hot portions of the day to conserve water, however this means ____ can’t enter the plant and ____ levels rise

A

Close, CO_2, O_2

34
Q

When the stomata is open, water _____ of the stomata and CO_2 ____ the stomata

A

Evaporates out, enters

35
Q

Photorespiration occurs when ____ is taken up by RuBisCo instead of ____. Which results in the plant losing ____ instead of gaining (which is bad for the plant)

A

O_2, CO_2, CO_2

36
Q

Photorespiration occurs when there is low ____ concentrations

A

CO_2

AP BIO (7 decks)

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