Unit 3 Quiz 2 Flashcards
Ancestral ______ were the first to evolve the use of photosynthesis on specialized internal _____
Prokaryotes, membranes
The evolution of photosynthesis introduced _____ into early Earth’s atmosphere
Oxygen
Eukaryotic cells capable of performing photosynthesis evolved as a result of endosymbiosis between a _______ and _____ prokaryote
Photosynthetic, non-photosynthetic
The early atmosphere of Earth had little or no _____
Oxygen gas
Define Fermentation
Ancient biochemical pathway that does not require oxygen gas
Anaerobic cellular respiration makes use of final electron acceptors other than _____
Oxygen gas
All of the oxygen in Earths atmosphere results from _______ by photosynthetic bacteria, algae, and plants
Photosynthesis
The ability as an electron donor in photosynthesis first evolved in _____ 2.4 billion years ago
Cyanobacteria
What are the three separate parts that work together to generate NADPH and ATP in light dependent reactions?
Photolysis, electron transport chain, chemiosmosis
Electron carries for photosynthesis include _____ and _____
NADP+, NADPH
Antenna chlorophyll molecules transfer absorbed light energy to the _____
Reaction center (also chlorophyll)
Reaction centers transfer electrons to an _____ thus initiating the photosynthetic electron transport chain
Electron acceptor(protein)
_____ is the electron donor In the light dependent reactions and _____ is the final electron acceptor
water, NADP+
The photosynthetic electrons transports chain consists of what 2 photosystems in a series?
Photosystem II and Photosystem I
Photosystem II pulls electrons from _____, resulting in the production of oxygen.
Water
Photosystem I reduces NADP+, producing ____
NADPH
The movement through the electron transport chain is ______ with the transfer of protons from the stroma to the thylakoid space in the light dependent reactions
Coupled
The buildup of protons in the thylakoid space drives the production of ATP by _____
ATP Synthase
Define photolysis
Water is struck by a photon of light and broken into O_2, H+ ions and electrons.
In the light depends reactions, energy from the moving electrons through the electron transport chain is used to actively transport _____ from the ____ to the ____ creating and maintaining a _____ concentration across the thylakoid membrane
H+, stroma, lumen, H+
By the time the electron has gone through the electron transport chain from Photosystem II to Photosystem I, it has ____ energy
Lost
An electron is hit by a ____ of ____ and excites it again in Photosystem I (after traveling through the electron transport chain from Photosystem II). This electron is captured by _____ and a _____ to reduce NADP+ to NADPH
Photon of light , NADP+, H+ ion
NADPH is transported to the ____ and used in the ________ ______ reactions.
Stroma, light independent
Define Chemiosmosis
When H+ ions diffuse through a channel in ATP synthase.
The energy of diffusion of chemiosmosis allows ATP synthase to phosphorylate to ____ to make ____
ADP, ATP
In the ATP synthase Hydrogen ions move from ___ to ____ concentrations
High, low
Define photophosphorylation
The process by which plants use light energy to convert ADP to ATP
The Calvin cycle occurs in the ____ of the chloroplast
Stroma
The inputs of the Calvin cycle include ___ ___ and _____
CO_2, NADPH, and ATP
The outputs of the Calvin cycle are ____ ___ and _____
Glucose, NADP+, ADP
in the Calvin cycle _____ and _____ are oxidized, and the energy released from the oxidation is used by the enzyme ______ to reduce and fix inorganic carbon from CO_2 into an organic form in ____. This regenerates ______ and ____, which are recycled back to the light _____ reactions
NADPH, ATP, RuBisCo, glucose, NADP+, ADP, dependent
The Calvin cycle must occur ____ before one glucose molecule is produced
Twice
Stomata ____ during hot portions of the day to conserve water, however this means ____ can’t enter the plant and ____ levels rise
Close, CO_2, O_2
When the stomata is open, water _____ of the stomata and CO_2 ____ the stomata
Evaporates out, enters
Photorespiration occurs when ____ is taken up by RuBisCo instead of ____. Which results in the plant losing ____ instead of gaining (which is bad for the plant)
O_2, CO_2, CO_2
Photorespiration occurs when there is low ____ concentrations
CO_2
