Unit 5 Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
What is True Breeding?
Organisms that produce offspring of the same variety over many generations of self pollination
What is the P generation?
True breeding parental generation
What does F_1 generation stand for and what is it?
First Fillial
Hybrid offspring of P generations
What does F_2 generation stand for and what is it?
Second fillial
Offspring of the F_1 generation
Define Homozygous
An organism that has a pair of identical alleles for a character
What’s an example of Homozygous dominant with the A allele?
AA
What’s an example of Homozygous recessive with the A allele?
aa
Define heterozygous
An organism that has two different alleles for a gene
What’s an example of heterozygous with the A allele?
Aa
What’s a genotype?
The genetic makeup (alleles) of an organism
What’s phenotype?
An organism’s appearance, which is determined by genotype
In punnett squares capital letters connote ___ traits and lower case letters connote ____ traits
Dominant
Recessive
What fundamental principles did Mendel’s experiments allow him to develop?
- Law of segregation
- Law of independent assortment
What is the law of segregation
The two alleles for the same trait separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
(two alleles of a gene that are found on a chromosome pair separate, with the offspring receiving one from the mother and one from the father)
True or false: Somatic cells are always Haploid
False
They are diploid
Define allele
Alternate versions of a gene
What is the law of independent assortment
When does this law apply?
Genes for one trait are not inherited with genes of another trait
This law only applies to genes that are located on different chromosomes (not homologous) OR genes that are very far apart of the same chromosome
What’s testcross and what do they help determine
What is the key word to look for to apply the addition rule for finding odds?
Or
Define pedigree
Family trees that give a visual of inheritance pattern of particular traits
Fill in the blank: If the trait is X linked then ___ are more commonly affected than ____
Males
Female
A rare recessive trait may skip __ or ___ generations
1
More
Rare recessive traits may not _____ in the parents and then ____ in the offspring
Appear
Appear
