Unit 5 Mendelian Genetics

Question 1

What is True Breeding?

Answer 1

Organisms that produce offspring of the same variety over many generations of self pollination

Question 2

What is the P generation?

Answer 2

True breeding parental generation

Question 3

What does F_1 generation stand for and what is it?

Answer 3

First Fillial
Hybrid offspring of P generations

Question 4

What does F_2 generation stand for and what is it?

Answer 4

Second fillial
Offspring of the F_1 generation

Question 5

Define Homozygous

Answer 5

An organism that has a pair of identical alleles for a character

Question 6

What’s an example of Homozygous dominant with the A allele?

Answer 6

AA

Question 7

What’s an example of Homozygous recessive with the A allele?

Answer 7

aa

Question 8

Define heterozygous

Answer 8

An organism that has two different alleles for a gene

Question 9

What’s an example of heterozygous with the A allele?

Answer 9

Aa

Question 10

What’s a genotype?

Answer 10

The genetic makeup (alleles) of an organism

Question 11

What’s phenotype?

Answer 11

An organism’s appearance, which is determined by genotype

Question 12

In punnett squares capital letters connote ___ traits and lower case letters connote ____ traits

Answer 12

Dominant
Recessive

Question 13

What fundamental principles did Mendel’s experiments allow him to develop?

Answer 13

1. Law of segregation
2. Law of independent assortment

Question 14

What is the law of segregation

Answer 14

The two alleles for the same trait separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
(two alleles of a gene that are found on a chromosome pair separate, with the offspring receiving one from the mother and one from the father)

Question 15

True or false: Somatic cells are always Haploid

Answer 15

False

They are diploid

Question 16

Define allele

Answer 16

Alternate versions of a gene

Question 17

What is the law of independent assortment
When does this law apply?

Answer 17

Genes for one trait are not inherited with genes of another trait
This law only applies to genes that are located on different chromosomes (not homologous) OR genes that are very far apart of the same chromosome

Question 18

What’s testcross and what do they help determine

Answer 18

Question 19

What is the key word to look for to apply the addition rule for finding odds?

Answer 19

Or

Question 20

Define pedigree

Answer 20

Family trees that give a visual of inheritance pattern of particular traits

Question 21

Fill in the blank: If the trait is X linked then ___ are more commonly affected than ____

Answer 21

Males
Female

Question 22

A rare recessive trait may skip __ or ___ generations

Answer 22

1
More

Question 23

Rare recessive traits may not _____ in the parents and then ____ in the offspring

Answer 23

Appear
Appear