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AP BIO > Unit 3 Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Quiz 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Energy is needed to do work in cells, such as ____ Macromolecules, moving substances across the _____ and maintaining ______

A

Synthesizing, membrane, homeostasis

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of energy?

A

Kinetic energy and potential energy

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3
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

The energy of motion

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4
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Stored energy

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5
Q

Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy held in the ____ of molecules

A

Potential, bonds

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6
Q

Do the bonds linking phosphate groups in ATP have low or high potential energy?

A

High

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7
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

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8
Q

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

A

There is an increase in entropy in the universe over time

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9
Q

What is entropy?

A

Degree of disorder/ measure of number of positions and motions a molecule can take

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10
Q

Chemical reactions involve the breaking and forming of ____

A

Bonds

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11
Q

In a chemical reaction, ____ themselves do not change; the ____ among them change as they form new molecules

A

Atoms, bonds

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12
Q

The direction of a chemical reaction is influenced by_____

A

The concentration of reactants and products

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13
Q

Definition of Gibbs free energy (G)

A

The amount of energy available to do work

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14
Q

Exergonic reactions are _____ and ____ energy

A

Spontaneous, release

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15
Q

Endergonic reactions are _____ and ____ energy

A

Non-spontaneous, require

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16
Q

If Delta G in negative the reaction is _____

A

Exergonic

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17
Q

If Delta G in positive the reaction is _____

A

Endergonic

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18
Q

Is the hydrolysis of ATP exergonic or endergonic?

A

It is exergonic (and drives many endergonic reactions in a cell)

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19
Q

ATP is a _____ energy molecule and ADP is a _____ energy molecule

A

High, low

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20
Q

Metabolism is_________

A

The entire set of chemical reactions in the cell that convert other molecules and transfer energy

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21
Q

What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis?

A

6CO_2 +6H_2O ——> C_6 H_12 O_6 +6O_2
Carbon dioxide + water ——> glucose and oxygen

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22
Q

Solar energy is converted into ____ ____ energy and stored in the bonds of _____ through ______ in photosynthesis

A

Chemical potential, glucose, carbon fixation

23
Q

All energy on earth comes from the ____

A

Sun

24
Q

The 2 phases of photosynthesis

A

Light dependent reactions and light independent reactions. (They have a reciprocal relationship)

25
Q

Oxidation is _____ electrons/energy and Recuction is ______ electrons/energy

A

Losing, gaining

26
Q

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both rely on ___ reactions to shuttle _____ between the endergonic and exergonic parts of the process

A

Redox, electrons

27
Q

Oxidation’s loses ____ and gains a ______ charge

A

Atoms, positive

28
Q

Reduction ____ atoms and ____ a positive charge

A

Gains, loses

29
Q

Oxidation and reduction always occurs in a set of _____ reactions

A

Coupled

30
Q

In photosynthesis water is _____ releasing oxygen, and carbon dioxide is _____ forming carbohydrates.

A

Oxidized, reduced

31
Q

Electron carries are molecules that can be both _____ and _____

A

Oxidized. Reduced

32
Q

In photosynthesis electron carriers shuttle high energy electrons from the light_____ reactions to the light _____ reactions.

A

Dependent, independent

33
Q

Examples of electron carriers in photosynthesis are ____ and ____

A

NADP+ and NADPH

34
Q

Photons of light can strike and transfer energy into _____ shell electrons. This _____ the electrons causing them to jump up to higher energy level orbitals. It is possible for ______ ____to capture these electrons, leaving behind an ionized molecule (like H+)

A

Valence, excites, electron carriers

35
Q

Light independent reactions occur in the ____ and light dependent reactions occcur on the ____ ____

A

Stroma, thylakoid membrane

36
Q

Stacks of thylakoids are called _____

A

Granum

37
Q

The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the _____ and the outside is called the ______

A

Lumen, stroma

38
Q

Light dependent reactions inputs are ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ and ____

A

ADP, NADP+, Electrons, H+, sunlight, and water

39
Q

Light dependent reactions outputs are _____ ____ and ____

A

ATP, O_2 and NADPH

40
Q

The light reaction begins the absorption of ___ energy by the pigment _____

A

Light, chlorophyll

41
Q

Chlorophyll hands off the electrons to the ____ which consists of a series of protein complexes located in the thylakoid membrane

A

Electron transport chain

42
Q

The thylakoid membrane consist of _____ proteins and ____. These ____ proteins have ____ molecules

A

Photosystem, ATP Sythase, photosystem, chlorophyll.

43
Q

Chlorophyll molecules in plants absorb all wavelengths of light except _____ which is reflected

A

Green

44
Q

As wavelengths get bigger the amount of energy in the light ____

A

Decreases

45
Q

What does the absorbance spectra do?

A

Show the wavelengths of light that are absorbed and reflected by different photosynthetic pigments

46
Q

The peaks of the absorbance spectra is the _____ ____ energy used for photosynthesis.

A

Absorbed light

47
Q

The valleys of the absorbance spectra is the _____ ____ energy that is seen by the eye and not used for photosynthesis.

A

Reflected light

48
Q

Electron carriers shuttle high energy electrons from the light____ ___ to the light ____ _____

A

dependent reactions (exergonic), independent reactions (endergonic)

49
Q

Ancestral ______ were the first to evolve the use of photosynthesis on specialized internal membrane

A

Prokaryotes

50
Q

What type of reactions do photosynthesis and cellular respiration rely on?

A

Redox reactions

51
Q

What do redox reactions shuttle in photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A

Electrons

52
Q

Photosynthesis is considered an _______ process.

A

Endergonic

53
Q

Cellular respiration is considered an _______ process.

A

Exergonic

54
Q

What are the two main parts of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A

Endergonic and exergonic parts

AP BIO (7 decks)

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