unit 7 Flashcards
Pre-industrial cities
Cities developed prior to industrialization
What serve does Trade Centers in gateways to foreign lands and markets
pre-industrialized cities
zoning regulations
can be used for people to reside, residential, for stores and markets to sell goods, commercial, or for production, manufacturing,
Sustainability
the use of the Earth’s resources in a way that ensures those resources will still be available in the future
We can see that as countries progress in the demographic transition model they…
start to see their growth rate shrink which can reduce the overall pressure on the local environment
Resource depletion
refers to the depletion or exhaustion of Natural Resources as a result of unsustainable practice and excessive consumption
Land degradation
Refers to the deterioration or decline in quality of Natural Resources or ecosystem due to human activities
are caused by
soil erosion
Decertification
soil salinization
Deforestation
The industrialization began really as a result of new technologies and it was facilitated by the
availability of Natural Resources particularly Coal
The Industrial Revolution Allowed what
workers to seek new industrial jobs and change class structure because jobs and opportunities that were created with the rise of factories and large scale industry unfortunately
Investors in Industry they sought out more raw materials and new markets and these were factors that contributed to _________
the rise of colonialism and imperialism
Invention of better Farming tools produced what
Increased Agricultural production and more food
After industrialization farmers do what
Move to cities (rural to urban migration)
What country was the first to industrialize
Britain because has quick access to resources (coal, iron, etc)
Ecotourism
A form of sustainable tourism that focuses on responsible travel Two natural areas that can serve the environment and improve the well-being of the local people
Promotes conservation of natural resources
Factors that led to the industrial revolution
growing workforce, access to raw Resources like coal and iron access to new capital and new inventions and Technology
Cottage industry
Small scale businesses typically operated out of a person’s home, here individuals use traditional techniques and tools to produce custom Goods by hand
What did the industrial revolution do to the cottage industry
before the Industrial Revolution cottage industries were fairly prevalent across Society however due to the ability of companies to be able to mass produce products most of the cottage industries were put out of business industrialization
Enclosure movement
A movement in English which took agricultural land that was publicly owned by the community and privatized it
What are the minuses of the Industrial Revolution
caused inequality between different people and led to uneven Economic Development to occur around the world
Urbanization and less developed countries are often focused on…
one or two major cities with high degrees of Primacy or centrality causing uneven development
Such intensely High rates of urbanization and ldc’s are straining the infrastructure resources of the growing cities
Unable to find housing, many new migrants build what
squatter settlements which are makeshift unsafe housing constructed from any scraps they find on the land that they neither rent or own
urban sprawl
the diffusion of urban land use in lifestyle into formally non-urban often agricultural lands
Edge Cities
Self-sufficient Urban Villages that often develop at Highway exits and are part of larger Metropolitan complex
Suburban Sprawl
the expansion of Housing and Commercial developments in the urban periphery
The five economic activity sectors
Primary: Jobs and activities that involve extracting natural resources from the Earth
Ex. Farmers and fishermen
Secondary: Jobs and activities that Deal with processing raw materials acquired through primary activities into a finished product of greater value
often located near major Railways highways ports and other infrastructure that supports the shipping of resources and goods
Tertiary: Jobs and activities that are based around providing services for individuals
Ex. Lawyer, doctors, uber drivers, etc.
As countries continue to develop economically it’s common to see more and more jobs move out of the primary and secondary sector and move into the tertiary sector of the economy; the majority of the United States is economy is located in the tertiary sector
have higher levels of development
Quaternary Sector (Subsector of tertiary): jobs and activities that revolve around acquiring, processing, and sharing information
Tend to be more developed
Ex. journalist, teachers, professors
Quinary Sector (Subsector of tertiary): jobs and activities that revolve around making decisions
Ex. CEO of a company, the president
Countries that have not yet industrialized so often have more jobs located in what sector
The primary sector with only a few jobs in the secondary and tertiary sector
As economic development occurs we start to see the rise of jobs in the what sector(s)
secondary sector and eventually the tertiary jobs in the secondary sector start to become more dominant once the economy becomes industrialized we can see jobs in The primary sector drastically start to decrease As more jobs open up in the secondary sector and also the tertiary
In postindustrial society (sectors info)
jobs in the secondary sector start to decline while at the same time jobs in the tertiary sector start to expand here the economy is becoming more focused around service jobs and less on manufacturing
Countries that are less economically developed will tend to have more jobs in ____________________ and countries that continue to have an emerging economy as they experience industrialization will start to see more jobs open up in ___________
areas such as Agriculture , manufacturing
core countries
Core Countries tend to have the most advanced economies and typically have a higher standard of living and have more of their jobs located in the tertiary sector.
They have High levels of education, higher salaries, and more technology, Industrial production of goods, Generate more wealth, Higher GDP’s
semiperiphery countries
Semi periphery countries are countries that have an emerging economy our experiencing an increase in their standard of living and have many jobs in the country located in the secondary sector and as more industrialization continues to occur
periphery countries
tend to have a lower standard of living since industrialization is not yet happened causing many of the jobs in the economy to be located in The primary sector, Places with lower levels of education, lower salaries, and less technology, Generates less wealth in the world economy
Break of bulk points
A location where goods are transported from one mode of transportation to another
Ex. ports
Alfred Weber’s least cost theory/ the theory of industrial locations
the theory looks at how the location of an industry is influenced by three main factors Transportation costs labor cost and agglomeration (What would be of lowest cost to them)
transportation costs are shipping costs connected to the moving of resources and materials for producing a good and shipping the final product to the market
Labor cost are costs that come from workers producing the product itself
Agglomeration is the clustering of different economic activities and industries in a specific geographic area
states that the location of production should be located in an area where transportation and labor costs are minimized the economic benefits of agglomeration are maximized
Why does agglomeration happen?
it allows businesses to reduce their overall cost by taking advantage of larger labor forces benefiting from the existing infrastructure in an area and by allowing businesses to use the different services and knowledge base in a specific area
