TEST - UNIT ONE AMSCO Flashcards
Physical Geography
the study of spatial characteristic of various elements of the physical environment.
Physical geographer study things like landforms, climate, bodies of water, urban areas
Human Geography
the study of the spatial characteristics of humans and human activities.
Human geographers study things like population, culture, polotics
Four Level Analysis
CIEP (ki) - (ep)
Comprehension: think what, when, where, scale, and source?
Identification: Are there any patterns in this source? This source could be a map, chart, graph, etc. There could be multiple patterns.
Explanation: Pick a pattern from the source and explain. Why did this pattern occur there? or How did this pattern occur.
Prediction: What will be the impact on the economy, society, politics, or the environment? Describe the impacts or effects and make prodictions.
see AMSCO book for map example for 4 level analysis (page 2)
answers in book
Spatial models
Spatial models look like stylized maps and they illustrate theories about spatial distributions.
Nonspatial models
illustrate theories and Concepts using words, graphs or tables.
Time distance decay
Things such as cities, near each other are more closely connected or related than places that are far apart.
Relationship lessons as space increases
Spatial patterns
refer to the general arrangements of things being studied.
Networks
a set of interconnected cities
Quantitative Data
is any information that can be measured and recorded using numbers such as total number of immigrants to a city.
geospatial data
is quantitative and spatial.
Qualitative sources are not usually represented by ________ and explain
numbers. This data is collected as interviews, photographs, remote satellite imaging, descriptions, or cartoons.
Political map
show and labels human-created boundaries
, such as countries, States, cities and capitals.
Physical map
show the label natural features, such as mountains, rivers, and deserts.
Road map show
the label highways, streets, and alleys.
Plat Maps
show and label property lines and details of land ownership.
Choropleth maps:
coral - pretty colors
Use various colors, shades of 1 color, or patterns to show the location and distribution of spatial data.
Dot distribution maps
are used to show the specific location and distribution of something across the map. Each dot Represents a specified quality.
Ex. One dot could = 100 people who own dogs
Graduated symbol map:
use symbols of different sizes to indicate different amounts of something. Larger sizes indicate more of something and smaller sizes indicate less. The map key is used to determine the exact amount
Isoline Map:
Use lines that connect points of equal value to depict variations and the data across space where lines are close together, the map depicts rapid change and where the lines are farther apart the phenomenon is relatively the same.
Topographic maps :
display contour lines of elevation to show physical things on the Earth’s surface .
cartogram
the sizes of countries or other aerial units are shown
According to some specifics artistic cartograms are useful because they allow for data to be compared much like a graph, and distance and distribution are also visible like a traditional map.
See AMSCO page 11: the size of each country reflects the total population based on the graphic which countries have the largest populations?
look girl
Flowline Maps;
Maps use lines to show movement of people, Goods, ideas
Relative location
is a description where something is relative to other things.
Describe Salt Lake City Utah’s relative location :
Just south of the Great Salt Lake
Distance
is a measurement of how far or how near things are to each other.
Absolute distance
is usually measured in terms of feet, miles, m or kilometers
What distance is being shown: (ab or rel)
from home to your school is 2.2 miles
the absolute distance
The relative distance
indicates the degree of nearness based on time or money.
Which distance is being shown (ab or rel)
Home to school takes 10 minutes by car or 25 minutes by walking
rel
Elevation
is the distance of features above sea level usually meaning feet or meters.
Distribution
is the way a phenomenon is spread out over an area
Clustered
phenomenons are arranged in a group or concentrated area
Linear
phenomena are arranged in a straight line
dispersed
phenomena are spread over a large area
circular
phenomena are equally spaced from a central point forming a circle
geometric
phenomena are in regular Arrangement
space
Space is the distance between two objects.
place
Place is a specific point with human and
physical characteristics.
random
phenomena are appear to have no order in their position
what distribution pattern is being shown when seeing restaurants in the food court at the mall
clustered
what distribution pattern is being shown when seeing towns along a railroad line
linear
what distribution pattern is being shown when seeing the distribution of large malls in a city
dispersed
what distribution pattern is being shown when seeing homes of people who shop at a particular store
Circular`
what distribution pattern is being shown when singing blocks form by roads in the Midwest
geometric
what distribution pattern is being shown when seeing the distribution of pet owners in a city
random
Mercator Projection:
Rectangular, purpose : navigation, excels at Direction and lines of latitude and longitude meet at right angles but distorts size and shape LOOK AT greenland and africa
Peters
LMS - landmark Michigan school
the sizes of land masses are accurate, shapes are inaccurate especially near the poles
Conic
LOLSSD oddysset - double s d
Lines of longitude coverage, lines of latitude are curved, size and shape are both close to reality are all strengths
the weakness is our direction is not constant
Robinson projection;
the purpose is General use, strength is that there’s no major Distortion, and oval shape appears more like a globe than the other rectangle, but the Distortion or weaknesses are area shape and size and direction are all slightly distorted
Polar
DSA (desa kade and mimi school)
Advantages •All points on the map are at proportionally correct distances from the center
Disadvantage •Shape & area distortion grow larger further from the central point.
Goode Homolosine
SSD
Shows correct sizes & shapes – Disadvantages •Cannot accurately measure distance & cannot plot a course across an ocean
Landscape analysis
the task of defining in describing landscapes
field observation
used to refer to the act of physical visiting of location place or region and recording
remote sensing
gathers information from satellites that professional images captured from Planes with the atmosphere
Geovisualisations
2D or 3D interactive maps
Global positioning system GPS
Uses the locations of multiple satellites to determine a record receivers exact location
geographic information systems GIS
Computer system that can store, analyze, display information from multiple digital Maps or geospatial data sets
smart phone and computer applications
location where apps gather, store, and use locational data from computers or other personal devices
See pages 26 through 29
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Location
identifies wear specific phenomena are located relative to another location
Place
refers to the specific human and physical characteristics of a location
Region
a group of places in the same area that share a characteristic
Sites
Can be described as a character of 6 at the immediate location Ex. soil type, climate, Labour force, and human structures.
Situations
refers to the type of location of a place relative to its surrounding and its connectivity to other places
Toponyms
place names
some toponyms provide insights into the physical geography the history or culture of the location give an example
Miami Beach is a beach
time space compression
time space compression is shrinking the time distance Decay or relative distance between location because of improved methods of transportation and communication THINK: technology
“New York City and London are separated by an ocean but the developments of air travels greatly reduced travel time between them. As a result, they feel much closer today than they did in the 19th century even though the absolute distance of 3500 miles has not changed.” what is this an example of?
time space compression
Spatial interaction
refers to the contact, movements, and flow of things between locations
Flow
the patterns and movement of ideas, people, products, and other phenomena.
the friction of distance indicate
when things are farther apart they tend to be less connect
see page 33, what is the graph showing or representing
go look girl
Patterns
refer to General arrangement of things being studies
Distribution
the way a phenomenon is spread out or arranged over an area to describe patterns
matching patterns of distribution is called
spatial Association this indicates two or more phenomena can be related or associated
Human-environmental interaction
the Dual relationship between humans and the natural world
natural resource
include items that occur and natural environments that people can you
Renewable natural resources
are unlimited and will not be depleted based on the used by people
Non-renewable resources
Limited and can be exhausted by human use
Sustainability
trying to use resources now in ways that allow their use in the future while minimizing negative impacts on the environment
Built environment
the physical artifacts that human have created that form part of landscape
cultural ecology
the study of how humans adapt to the environment
environmental possibilism
the belief that the physical environment plays a role in the success of the society, but culture can overcome environmental factors
environmental determinism
The belief that the environment dictates the success of a society
4 Main scales of analysis
are global, national, Regional, local
Large scale
more detail, zoomed, in
small scale
less detail ; zoomed out
Formal region
a region with unifying traits or commen characteristics
functional region
geographic area organized around a center point or node
what kind of region is the showing: Nigeria is an area where most people speak Yoruba
forma;
what kind of region is this showing Pizza delivery areas
Functional pizza shop is the node
vernacular or perceptual region
Exact boundaries depend on the person defining them
See Pages 49 through 51 for final quiz review thing
look
Coal mining in West Virginia is an example of..
human environmental interactions
