Unit 7 - 1

Question 1

Process of using machines and large scale processes to convert raw materials into manufactured goods. Stimulated social, political, demographic, and economic changes in societies at all scales.

Answer 1

Industry

Question 2

Needed for industry. Basic substances. Ex. minerals and crops needed to manufacture finished goods

Answer 2

Raw Materials

Question 3

Place where products are sold.

Answer 3

Market

Question 4

Small home based businesses that made goods, pre 18th century. Depended on: intensive human labor. Still important now(handcrafted= expensive).

Answer 4

Cottage Industries

Question 5

Series of technological advancements

Answer 5

Industrial Revolution

Question 6

Stretched across midlatitudes of Northern Hemisphere, included NE and MW US, much of Europe, some Russia, and Japan.

Answer 6

Industrial Belt

Question 7

Process of decreasing reliance on manufacturing jobs.

Answer 7

Deindustrialize

Question 8

Regions w/ large number of closed factories.

Answer 8

Rust Belt

Question 9

Economic sector having to do with extracting raw materials. Farming, mining. Almost all in US, 1800s(agriculture). Physical skill, high risk, few high paying.

Answer 9

Primary economic sector

Question 10

Economic sector having to do with processing the materials into usable goods(manufacturing and building). 1840–1960 = growth. Wages depend.

Answer 10

Secondary economic sector

Question 11

Economic sector having to do with providing services(teaching, medicine). Became so big that it split further. Small part of economy until mid 1900s. Most people, wages depend.

Answer 11

Tertiary economic sector

Question 12

Economic sector having to do with managing and processing info(data science, software development). Small % of people. Need advanced education and technical skills. High wages.

Answer 12

Quaternary economic sector

Question 13

Economic sector having to do with creating information and making high level decisions(research, top managers in corporations/governments). Very small amount of people. High income. Decisions affect millions.

Answer 13

Quinary economic sector

Question 14

Potential of a job to produce additional jobs. Seen most in secondary(You’re rich, buy more, everyone becomes richer).

Answer 14

Multiplier effect

Question 15

German economist Alfred Weber, to explain key decisions by businesses about factory location. To minimize total costs, 3 factors:

-Min transportation costs

-Min labor cost(wages)

-Max agglomeration economies

Answer 15

Weber’s least cost model

Question 16

Spatial grouping of several businesses to share costs(access roads to highways).

Answer 16

Agglomeration economies

Question 17

t and 2 resource3 points = 1 market and 2 resources for the good.

Answer 17

Locational Triangle

Question 18

Weight losing, raw material oriented.

Answer 18

Bulk-reducing industry

Question 19

Weight gaining, market oriented.

Answer 19

Bulk-gaining industry

Question 20

Highly dependent on a workforce and will want to be near one(high tech companies are usually near major universities).

Answer 20

Labor-oriented industry

Question 21

Procedure of transporting cargo from one mode of transportation to another. Achieved through containerization.

Answer 21

Break of bulk

Question 22

System in which goods are located to a standardized shipping unit.

Answer 22

Containerization

Question 23

Can be carried on truck, train, ship, or plane.

Answer 23

Intermodal

Question 24

Can pack up and leave for new location quickly and easily. Ex. call centers(locational demands = minimal).

Answer 24

Footloose

Question 25

Less expensive office spaces(for other employees).

Answer 25

Back office

Question 26

To impress clients, offices at expensive upper floors of a skyscraper in a big city for highest employees. Shows prestige, certain locations to flaunt wealth and popularity.

Answer 26

Front office

Question 27

Dollar amount of all goods and services produced by a country’s citizens in one year. Interchangeable terms and involve money made by citizens regardless of location.

Answer 27

Gross National Product/Income(GNP/GNI)

Question 28

Dollar amount of all final goods and services produced within a country in a year. Includes remittances.

Answer 28

Gross Domestic Product(GDP)

Question 29

Past(unit 2…?) vocab. Profits from a foreign company going back to home country (earnings sent to workers’ families).

Answer 29

Remittances

Question 30

Output divided by population. Makes an amount per person which is this.

Answer 30

Per Capita

Question 31

Measure of what similar products cost in different countries.

Answer 31

Purchasing Power Parity(PPP)

Question 32

Monitored by government, regulations followed and taxes paid, measured by gnp/gni and gdp.

Answer 32

Formal economic sector

Question 33

Not monitored by government, includes things done without pay (chores, cooking for someone), and illegal things(drug dealing, identity theft, and not reporting tips on tax return is illegal).

Answer 33

Informal economic sector

Question 34

(Gini index), measure of distribution of income, value 0–1. Higher number = higher degree of income inequality. 0 = all incomes are the same. 1 = one person has all the income and all others have none. Periphery and semi-periphery = higher. Shows the lack of a middle class.

Answer 34

Gini coefficient

Question 35

Number of years someone is expected to live.

Answer 35

Life expectancy

Question 36

% of pop that can read/write, usually above a 8th grade level and higher.

Answer 36

Literacy rate

Question 37

Differences in the privileges afforded to males and females in a society.

Answer 37

Gender gap

Question 38

A composite measure of several factors indicating gender disparity. Composite score is a measure of the percent of potential human development lost due to gender inequality.

Answer 38

Gender Inequality Index(GII)

Question 39

Released as an alternative measure of development in 1990. Since money alone can’t reflect human well being. Combines one economic measure(GNI per capita) with 3 social measures(life expectancy, expected years of schooling, and average years of schooling). Composite score: 0–1. Higher value = higher levels of development.

Answer 39

Human Development Index(HDI)

Question 40

Trend reflecting employment discrimination, women not getting high level jobs in companies, civil service, or government, especially in LDCs. If a country gets rid of it, standard of living goes up.

Answer 40

Glass Ceiling

Question 41

International non-profit agencies(that empower women to find jobs outside the home).

Answer 41

Non-governmental Organizations

Question 42

Example of how NGOs helped women. Give loans to start/expand a business. Ex. Grameen bank. Gives women more influence in homes/communities and NBR goes down and lower child mortality rates.

Answer 42

Microloans/microcredit