Unit 5 - 1 Flashcards
The process by which humans alter the landscape in order to raise, livestock and crops for consumption and trade
Agriculture
Long-term weather patterns in a region
Climate
Main goal is to grow enough food/livestock to meet the immediate needs of the farmer and their family
Subsistence agriculture
Primary goal is to grow enough crops/livestock to sell for profit
Commercial agriculture
Farmers use large amount of inputs to maximize yields
Intensive
Few inputs to get less yields
Extensive
Money invested in land equipment and machines
Capital
Subsistence, extensive agriculture practiced in arid and semiarid climate
Pastoral nomadism
Farmers grow crops on a piece of land for a year or two, and when the soil loses fertility, they move to another field
Shifting cultivation
A large commercial farm that specializes in one crop
Plantation
Intensive commercial integrated system that demonstrates an interdependence between crops and animals
Mixed crops and livestock farming
In regions to drive for mixed crop agriculture, farmers often raise wheat
Grain farming
Typical fruits and vegetables grown in the United States, include lettuce, broccoli, apples, oranges, and tomatoes. Typically found in California, Arizona, and states of the southeast.
Commercial gardening
Dairies were local farms that supplied products to customers in a small geographic area
Dairy farming
The geographic distance that milk is delivered
Milkshed
Practiced in regions with hot dry summers, mild winters, narrow valleys, and often some irrigation
Mediterranean agriculture
The seasonal hurting of animals from higher elevations in the summer to lower elevations and valleys in the winter
Transhumance
Commercial grazing of animals confined to a specific space
Livestock ranching
The settlements had groups of homes located near each other in a village and fostered a strong sense of place and I’ll finish shared services such as schools
Clustered (nucleated) settlement
Patterns in which farmers lived in homes spread throughout the country side
Dispersed settlement
Buildings in human activities are organized, close to a body of water or along a transportation route
Linear settlements
The way plot boundaries were described
Metes and bounds
Created rectangular plots of consistent size
Public land, survey, or township and range system
Farms were long, thin sections of land that ran perpendicular to a river
French long lot system
Origin of farming, first mark by the domestication of plants and animals. Much of the farming that took place during this time with subsistence farming, begin in these 5 Hz southwest Asia east Asia south, Asia, Africa, and the Americas
The first neolithic agricultural revolution
Lived in small mobile groups, who could move easily in search of food
Hunters and gathers
Hunters in Central Asia were the first to do this. They raise dogs and horses for protection, work transportation, or as a food source.
Animal domestication
Growing crops probably began after domestication of animals people first use vegetative planning or part of the stems or roots of existing plants to grow others
Plant domestication
Southwest Asia south east Asia south Asia east, Asia, sub-Saharan, Africa, and Mesoamerica
Major agricultural hearths
Crops and animals were domesticated in multiple regions with seemingly no interaction among the people
Independent invention
Global movement of plants and animals between Afro Eurasia and the Americas
Columbian exchange exchange
Began in the 1700s use the advantage of the industrial revolution to increase food supplies and support population growth agriculture benefited from mechanization and improved knowledge of fertilizers souls and selective breeding practices for plants and animals
Second agricultural revolution
Series of laws enacted by the British government that enabled land owners to purchase it in close land for their own Use
Enclosure movement
Better diet longer life expectancy and increase population
Second revolution advances
The technique of planting different crops in a specific sequence of the same plot of land to restore, nutrients back into the soil
Crop rotation
Process of applying controlled amounts of water to crops using canals, pipe, sprinkler system, or other human made devices rather than to just rely on rainfall
Irrigation
Decrease a number for monors more people living in urban than rural areas
Second revolution impact on demographics
Born out of science, research and technology and continues today expanded mechanization of farming, develop you cook global agricultural system, and you scientific and information technology to further previous advances in agricultural production
Third agricultural revolution
The advantage in plant biology of the mid-20th century
Green revolution
Laid the foundation for scientifically, increasing the food supply to meet the demands of an ever increasing global population, higher yield more disease resistance and faster, growing varieties of green
Impact of Norman Borlaug
Process of breathing to plants that have desirable characteristics to produce a single seat with both characteristics
Hybridization
Assisted in production and challenge traditional labor, intensive farming, practices that it been in place for 1000 years
Machineries impact on green rev
The process by which humans use engineering techniques to change the DNA of a seed
GMO
Increase yields reduced hunger, lower, death rates, and growing populations
Positive impacts of the green revolution
Environmental damage is gender any quality’s economic obstacles and failures in Africa
Negative impacts of the green revolution
Men on the land, and had access to financial resources, and were educated on new emented of farming, while women were often excluded from these opportunities
Green revolution impact on gender roles
Diversity of climate in soil’s maid rite fertilizers to be very expensive. Harsh environmental conditions lacks proper transportation infrastructure main crops were not always included in research proceed hybridization programs.
Why didn’t the GR help Africa?
