Unit 1 - 1 Flashcards
the branch of geography dealing with natural features and processes
Physical Geography
The branch of geography dealing with how human activity affects or is influenced by the Earth’s surface
Human Geography
Scale of analysis using local, national, regional and global
Four-Level Analysis
A system of ideas intended to explain something
Theory
An abstract idea; a general notation
Concepts
A series of actions or steps taken in order to achieve a particular end
Processes
A system or thing used as an example to follow or imitate
Models
Object-oriented with coverage and concerned with how the physical world works or looks
Spatial models
Information which is independent of all geometric considerations
Non-spatial data
The declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time and distance from its point of origin or source
Time distance decay
An analytical tool used to measure the distance between two or more physical locations or items
Spatial patterns
A group or system of interconnected people or things
Network
Data expressing a certain quantity, amount or range
Quantitative data
Information that objects, events, or other features with a location on or hear the surface of the earth
Geospatial data
Sources that are credible for information (example - archival records, artifacts, participant observation, interviews, focus groups)
Qualitative sources
The relative size of the map or lense we choose to use to observe geographical phenomena
Scales of analysis
the action of sharing something out among a number of recipients
Distribution
a measure of the social, cultural, and economic relatedness or connectivity between two places
relative distance
shows the location of the geographic areas for which census data are tabulated and disseminated
reference maps
they show state and national boundaries and capital and major cities
Political Maps
Map that includes labels for features such as mountain ranges and bodies of water
Physical Maps
a map intended for drivers, showing roads, distances, etc in a country or area
Road maps
a map of a particular neighborhood, subdivision or tract of land, detailing where the original surveyors established property lines and separated each parcel or lot
Plat maps
shows the spatial distribution of one or more specific data themes for selected geographic areas
Thematic maps
a thematic map in which administrative areas are colored or shaded according to the range in which the aggregated statistic of interest falls
Choropleth Maps
map that is a type of thematic map that uses a point symbol to visualize the geographic distribution of a large number of related phenomena
Dot distribution maps
A map with symbols that change in size according to the value of the attribute they represent
Graduated symbol map
lines drawn on a map connecting data points of the same value
Isoline maps
the map that is a detailed and accurate illustration of man-made and natural features on the ground such as roads, railways, power transmission lines, contours, elevations, rivers, lakes, and geographical names
Topographic Maps
A map that combines statistical information with geographic location
Cartogram
shows the size of the area represented by the map
Scale
world maps or maps of large regions such as continents or large nations
Small scale maps
show a smaller amount of area with a greater amount of detail
Large scale maps
its exact place on Earth, often given in terms of latitude and longitude
Absolute location
a description of how a place is related to other places
Relative location
A topological property relating to how geographical features are attached to one another functionally, spatially, or logically
Connectivity
the easiness by which people can reach the desired activity sites, such as those offering employment, shopping, medical care or recreation
Accessibility
the pathway along which an object is moving
Direction
a spatial observation that one place/situation proves to be part of a larger system containing the same observation
Patterns
a specific measure of the physical space between two locations
Absolute distance
a special form of measurement used in geography to elaborate on a number of societal factors
Relative Distance
a localized anomaly, usually an excess of something given the distribution or variation of something else
Clustered distribution
a (normally small to medium-sized) settlement or group of buildings that is formed in a long line
Linear Distribution
how the individuals in a population are distributed in space at a given time (spread out)
Dispersed Distribution
Distribution spread out in a more circular shape
Circular distribution
Distribution spread out in a square like shape
Geometric Distribution
Distribution spread out in no particular pattern
Random distribution
outlines the strengths, resources, and needs of a particular community
Landscape Analysis
a variant of field research that attempts to observe a targeted person or a group of targeted persons in their environment in order to gain insights into behaviour, activities and processes
Field Observations
any type of data that directly or indirectly references a specific geographical area or location
Spatial Data
Pictures taken from the sky. Downward view
Aerial Photography
the process of observing and collecting data about people, cultures, and natural environments
Fieldwork
The connection and exchange between humans and the natural world
Human-Environmental Interaction
The physical artifacts humans have created and that form part of the landscape.
Ex: buildings, roads, signs, farms and fences
Built Environment
Anything built by humans and is in the realm of land use
Cultural Landscape
The belief that land, forms and climate are the most powerful forces, shaping human behavior, and societal development, while ignoring the influence of culture
Environmental Determinism
The view that acknowledges limits on the effects of natural environment and focuses more on the role that human culture plays
Possibilism
The patterns and movement of ideas, people products, and other phenomena
Flow
This states that when things are farther apart, they are less connected
Friction of distance
When things are closer together, they are more connected
Distance decay
The increasing connection between places
Spatial interaction
The shrinking time distance, or relative distance between locations because of improved methods of transportation and communication
Time space compression
Name given to a particular location or natural feature, based on its surrounding characteristics
Toponym
When humans describe places differently based on their background
Sense of space
The location of a place based on its surroundings and connectivity to other places
Situation
The characteristics of the immediate location
Site
A group of places that share similar characteristics
Region
The area between two or more phenomena or things
Space
The specific human, and physical characteristics of a location
Place
Where the specific phenomena are located, either on the grid or relative to another area
Location
The entire world examples, global earths at night image, world population density map
Global
Multiple countries of the world example North America and south Asia
World regional
Country examples, the United States, or Thailand
National
A portion of a country or a region within a country examples the Midwest, or eastern China
National regional
A province, state, city county or neighborhood example, Tennessee, or Moscow
Local
Regions or homogenous regions that show specifically one main type of characteristic
Formal region
Regions that are organized around a focal point, and are defined by an activity, usually political, social, or economic that occurs across the region
Functional region
Defined by the informal sense of place that people ascribe to them
Perceptual regions
