Unit 5 - 2 Flashcards
Plants again, harvesting crop two or three times per year on the same piece of land
Double cropping
When farmers grow two or more crop simultaneously on the same field
Intercropping
Only one crop is grown or one type of animal is raised per season on a piece of land
Monoculture
Confined spaces in which cattle and hogs have limited movement
Feedlots
Corporations are operating in many countries
Transnational corporation
Process used by corporations together resources, transform them into goods, and then transport them to consumers
Commodity chain
An increase in efficiency to lower the per unit production cost resulting in greater profits. For example, consider green farmer who increases the size of his or her farm by purchasing an additional quarter section are using the existing machinery on the floor. More fission is a farmer can successfully plan harvest the additional acreage without the purchase of a new equipment.
Economics of scale
A key component an economic geography deals with white people choose certain locations for various types of economic activity, factory stores, restaurants, or agriculture
Location theory
an economy where money that each person made is documented and recorded and given a tax determined by the amount of money one person made
Free market economy
Can be used to determine the starting position for each land use relative to the market as well as where each land used would end
Bid rent curve
Naturally occurring beneficial conditions that would prompt farmers to plant crops differently from those predicted by von thunen’s model
Comparative advantage
All the steps required to get a product or service to customers
supply chains
Not essential to human survival, but half high profit margin examples are cocoa beans, tobacco
Luxury crops
Do use of economic, political, and social pressures to control farm former colonies. For example, well growing and processing coffee beans expensive the profit margin and selling brewed coffee drinks is very high most of the revenue generated from coffee remains of the transnational companies based in the wealthy country, while very little revenue, finds the way back to the coffee growers in developing countries.
Neocolonialism
Public financial support to farmers to safeguard food production
Subsidies
Things made to benefit a country. Example Broad Bridges tunnel, sports, electrical grid sewers telecommunications.
Infrastructure
Uses expensive machinery, and other inputs
Capital intensive
Large firms produce very large quantities of vegetables and fruits, and often rely on many low paid migrant, workers, attend and harvest crops
Labor-intensive
Capital intensive livestock operation in which many animals are kept in close quarters and bred and fed in a controlled environment
Factory farming
Type of intensive farming. Rather than raising typical for a man was in close quarters with a controlled environment fish, shellfish, or water. Plants are raising netted areas in the sea tanks are other bodies of water.
Aquaculture
Farms that run as corporations
Agribusiness
The ownership of other businesses involved in the steps of producing a particular good
Vertical integration
And transportation networks that keep food cold throughout a trip
Cool chains
Are economic model that suggested a pattern for the types of products at farmers would produce a different position relative to the market, where they sold their goods
Von Thunen model
Produces perishable items such as tomatoes and strawberries, and includes dairy farming
Von Thunen zone one
Includes forests, such as wood and building material
Von thunen zone 2
Includes crops, such as wheat and corn, and non-perishable vegetables
Von Thunen zone three
Includes livestock and cattle
Von Thunen zone four
Farming was an economic activity farmers were in business to make a profit. There was one market were farmers so their products there was one transportation system. The market was situated in the center of an isotropic plain
Von Thunen model assumptions
Government policies can interfere with a free market economy, and affect farmers decisions simply to provide enough food for his or family not profit is a goal for many farmers, modern agriculture systems have met multiple markets, planes trains and trucks have changed distance considerations for farmers differences in land formation, soil fertility and climate exist in agriculture reasons, making isotropic planes in common
Five criticisms of Von thunen model
Connections among regions of the world
Interdependence
Most of the revenue done from the farming, goes to the transnational corporations, instead of going to the workers
Ways rich countries exploit, poor
Mini consumers have become more aware of the disparity between a higher incomes of those in developed countries, manage trade in the low incomes of producers in developing countries
Fair trade
Direct trade that will eliminate the intermediary transactions directly between the producer in the importer insure more money to the producer, fair price paid promptly to the farmers by importers. Also, the producer must pay workers a fair price. Decent conditions are provided for the labor, such as fair and safe, working environment, and no use of child or forced labor. Environmental sustainability that required farmers to use environmentally safe practices and produce prohibited genetically modified organisms. Respect for local culture through shared agricultural techniques with farmers.
Fair trade movement principles
Focused on rapid, economic growth, improve living conditions, and raise income for Ghanaians
Ghana vision, 2020
There is usually a distance decay between proximity to the urban market in the value of the land. Meaning of the closer the land is to an urban center the more valuable it is.
Bid rent theory
