Unit 6 - 1 Flashcards
What the classical Greeks called the permanently inhabited portion of the earth’s surface
Ecumene
Farmers and villages with low concentrations of people
Rural
Cities with high concentrations of people
Urban
Primarily residential areas near cities
Suburbs
A place with a permanent human population
Settlement
The process of developing towns and cities
Urbanization
An indicator of the proportion of the population that lives in cities and towns as compared to those that live in rural areas
Percent Urban
Describes the characteristics of the immediate location
Site
Refers to the location of a place relative to its surroundings and connectivity to other places
Situation
Consisted of an urban center and its surrounding territory and agricultural villages
City-State
Tigris-Euphrates Valley in modern Iraq
Nile River Valley and Nile Delta in modern Egypt
Indus River Valley in modern Pakistan
Huang-He floodplain in modern China
Mesoamerica in modern Mexico
Andean region of South America
Urban Hearth
Higher-density area with territory inside officially recognized political boundaries
City
Collection of adjacent cities economically connected, across which population density is high and continuous.
Metropolitan Area(metro area)
Another way to define a city. City of at least 50,000 people, the county in which it’s located, and adjacent counties that have a high degree of social and econ. integration of connection with the urban core.
Metropolitan Statistical Area(MSA)
Over 10,000 people but less than 50,000, includes the county where it’s located and surrounding counties with high degree of integration.
Micropolitan Statistical Area
Focal point in a matric of connections
Nodal Region
Physical characteristics to describe an urban area.
Morphology
(Past vocab, 1.4) Shrinking of time distance or relative distance based on improvements in transportation and internet.
Time-space compression
Geographer John Borchert
Describes urban growth based on transportation technology.
Urban history split into 4 periods: Epochs→ effects on local scale related to city’s form, size, density and spatial arrangement.
Borchert’s transportation model
Earliest urban centers. Shaped by distances people could walk.
Pedestrian Cities
Communities that grew up along rail likes, often = pinwheel shaped.
Streetcar Suburbs
Process of people moving(usually from cities) to residential areas on outskirts of cities. Form communities connected to city or jobs and services.
Suburbanization
Rapid expansion of the spatial extent of a city and occurs for many reasons(growth of suburbs, ↓ land costs in suburbs vs. inner cities, ↓ density single family housing, weak planning laws, ↑ growth of car culture). ↑ urban footprint. Most common in fast growing areas in the Southeast and West.
Sprawl
Developers purchase land and build communities beyond the periphery of a city’s built area. Encourages sprawl.
Leap-frog development
Rapidly growing communities w/ total pop. of over 100,000 people but not largest city in metro area. Develops differently than traditional cities— usually no dense urban center.
Boombergs
Nodes of econ. activity that developed in the periphery of large cities. Found near key locations along transport routes that have mini downtowns.
Edge cities
Urban migrants leaving city(counterflow of rural-to-urban), many to exurbs.
Counterurbanization(deurbanization)
Prosperous residential districts beyond the suburbs. Growth reasons: work w/ tech = no need to commute(can live farther), relative affordability of land, cultural preferences. Residents want privacy and connections to urban center. Expansive lots and large single family homes.
Exurbs
Migration of suburbs back to city
Reurbanization
Pop. is greater than 10 million people.
Megacities
Because of rapid growth of cities in the 21st century. Also, hypercities. Continuous urban area w/ a pop. > 20 mil. people. Attributes of a network of urban areas that have grown to form a larger interconnected urban system.
Metacities
Chain of connected cities. More commonly used as a term after 1961. Cities grow until merged into conurbation. Crossed state boundaries and exceeded definition of metropolitian area while focused on one urban center.
Megalopolis
Uninterrupted area of towns, suburbs, and cities.
Conurbation
Central city plus land developed for commercial, industrial, or residential purposes, and includes the surrounding suburbs.
Urban area
Cities that exert influence far beyond their national boundaries
World cities
Ranking based on influence or population size
Urban hierarchy
London, New York city, Tokyo, Japan, Paris, France, Singapore, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Berlin, Germany, Seol, South Korea, Shanghai, China
Top 10 cities, 2020
Command centers on a regional, and occasionally national level
Nodal cities
And interdependent set of cities that interact on the regional national in global scale
Urban system
Describes one way in which the size of cities within a region may develop
Rank size rule
Services are usually expensive. Need a large number of people to support and are only occasionally utilized.
High order services
Services are usually less expensive require a small population to support and are used on a daily or weekly basis
Low order services
The large city in an urban system is more than twice as large as the next largest city, the largest city is said to have primacy
Primate city
States that larger and closer places will have more interactions, then places that are smaller and farther from
Gravity model
Explains the distribution of cities of different sizes across the region
Central place theory
A location where people go to receive goods and services
Central place
Zone that contains people who will purchase goods, services surrounds each central place
Market area
The outlying towns and small communities that rely on the central city for goods and services
Hinterlands
The size of population necessary for any particular service to exist and remain profitable
Threshold
The distance people will travel to obtain specific goods or services
Range
