Unit 4 - 2 Flashcards
Natural barriers between areas like oceans, deserts, and mountains.
Ex. Missouri River: divides Iowa and Nebraska, and Himalayan Mountains: divides India and China
Physical Geographic Boundaries
Divides using cultural divisions. Language, religion, or ethnicity.
Ex. China, cuisine once divided into two regions. Wheat North and Rice South. No exact line.
Cultural Boundaries
before development of cultural landscape in settlement, usually based on physical features
Antecedent boundary
While cultural landscape is evolving, and is subject to changing all the time. Ethnographic in nature, may be drawn to accommodate ethnic, religious, linguistic, or economic differences among groups. Often altered because of non-cultural developments like gov. negotiations or war.
Ex. Starting in mid-16th century, Monarch of Scotland and England said emigrate to Ireland(under English rule then). Scots and English Protestants did, to Roman Catholic North Ireland. Resentment and violence→1921 Northern Ireland joined UK. New border= political and cultural landscape
Subsequent Boundary
Related to cultural phenomena.
Ethnographic
Drawn by outside powers and can ignore existing cultural patterns. Often lack conformity to natural features. (Often geometric). Ex. Berlin Conference→ African states.
Super Imposed Boundary
States unable to access a large body of water without going through neighboring countries(surrounded by land on all sides).
Landlocked States
Abandoned for political purposes but evidence of it remains. Kept sometimes for history preservation purposes.
Ex. Berlin Wall, made 1961 and torn down in 1989 to stop separating East and West Germany but parts of it remain as a tourist attraction.
Relic Boundary
Straight line/arc that doesn’t doesn’t closely follow any physical figure. Usually lies on latitude/longitude. Many to divide within a state. (Colorado and Wyoming).
Geometric Boundary
Takes cultural traits into account: language, religion, ethnicity, or others
Cultural Consequent Boundary
Takes physical characteristics of the land into account: natural features like rivers, deserts, mountains.
Physical Consequent Boundary
Unguarded and people can cross easily with little to no political intervention→ usually between countries with friendly relations.
Ex. EU→ continent almost borderless. Less likely to turn violent.
Open Boundary
Heavily guarded and discourages crossing. Many harbor limited military presence but some are fortified with a constructed barrier.
Militarized Boundary
Established by legal document. (Ex. treaty) that divides two entities(invisible line).
Defined Boundary
Drawn on a map by a cartographer to show limits of a space.
Delimited Boundary
Identified by physical objects on landscapes. Simple as signs or complexes fences or walls.
Demarcated Boundary
2 or more disagree on how to interpret maps or documents that show map. Often w/ antecedent boundaries.
Definitional Boundary Dispute
Conflict centered on where boundary should be, how it’s mapped, or demarcated.
Locational/Territorial Boundary Dispute
Type of expansionism where seeking to annex territory has cultural ties to the population or historical claims to land.
Irredentism
Conflict centered on how a boundary functions. Can be related to trade, transportation, or migration.
Operational/Functional Boundary Dispute
When conflict breaks out over natural resources that may be used by two countries separated by a boundary.
Allocational/Resource Boundary Dispute
How it’ll be maintained, function, and what goods and people will be able to cross→ all important aspects.
Administered Boundary
This has checkpoints where passports or visas is required to enter country. This lets them allow some goods and people and deny others.
Controlled Borders
Territories part of a state but geographically separated from mainland by 1 or 2 states.
Ex. Alaska from US, Nakhchivan(autonomous region) from Azerbaijan, by Armenia.
Exclaves
