UNIT 6 LESSON 2

Question 1

concepts or frameworks that organize and interpret information

Answer 1

Schemata

Question 2

interpreting our new experiences with our existing schemas

Answer 2

assimilation

Question 3

adapt our current understandings to incorporate new information

Answer 3

accommodate

Question 4

a Swiss developmental psychologist, dedicated most of his professional life to
studying the development of children

Answer 4

Jean Piaget

Question 5

spans birth to about 2 years old

Answer 5

sensorimotor stage

Question 6

ranging roughly from age 2 to 6 or 7

Answer 6

preoperational stage

Question 7

they are nearly incapable of comprehending another person’s perspective

Answer 7

egocentric

Question 8

enables someone to begin identifying people, moods,
expressions, as good or bad

Answer 8

Theory of mind

Question 9

sets in from age 6 or 7 to 11; children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

Answer 9

concrete operational stage

Question 10

around age 12, is when children begin to comprehend abstract
concepts

Answer 10

formal operational stage

Question 11

dedicated most of his time to
researching language development and word use up to age seven

Answer 11

Lev Vygotsky

Question 12

a theory in which children received the minimum optimal amount of support to encourage independent growth and development

Answer 12

zone of proximal development

Question 13

broke moral development into three basic levels of moral thinking: preconventional,
conventional, and postconventional

Answer 13

Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 14

covering up to about age 9; this point morals are primarily driven or understood in terms of self-interest

Answer 14

Preconventional Stage

Question 15

around age 12, children understand the purpose and function of upholding laws to maintain social order, and begin to see ‘good’ as whatever either pleases or benefits others

Answer 15

Conventional Stage

Question 16

begins in adolescence and sees one’s actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles

Answer 16

Postconventional Stage

Question 17

criticized Kohlberg’s stages for being too rigidly logical

Answer 17

Carol Gilligan

Question 18

most men had a masculine view of morality that was centered around individualism and logic,
while most women had a more feminine view of morality based on an understanding of responsibilities, care for
others, and the cultivation of personality relationships.

Answer 18

Ethics of Care

Question 19

noticed that people’s moral judgements were guided far less by rationality, as was emphasized by Kohlberg, and far more on instant intuitive judgements.

Answer 19

Jonathan Haidt