UNIT 5 LESSON 3

Question 1

a methodical, logical approach that guarantees solving
a particular problem

Answer 1

Algorithm

Question 2

a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and educated-guesses to solve problems efficiently

Answer 2

Heuristics

Question 3

a sudden realization of a problem’s solution (a light bulb moment)

Answer 3

Insight

Question 4

pioneered insight research with his experiments on chimpanzees

Answer 4

Wolfgang Koehler

Question 5

the tendency to approach a problem the same way

Answer 5

Mental set

Question 6

a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used

Answer 6

Functional Fixedness

Question 7

an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought as
contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning

Answer 7

Intuition

Question 8

did extensive research on moral psychology and judgment and discovered that decisions
are based primarily on intuitive predispositions and rationalized after the fact

Answer 8

Jonathan Haidt

Question 9

profoundly misleads our judgements we tend to almost-exclusively use or remember
information that confirms what we already believe, and readily dismiss information that runs counter to our
intuitions

Answer 9

confirmation bias

Question 10

the clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited

Answer 10

belief perseverance

Question 11

causes one to judge the likelihood of events or
situations based on stereotypes, causing them to miss or dismiss relevant information

Answer 11

Representative Heuristics

Question 12

misleads us in regards to memory as they cause us to estimate the likelihood of
an event based on the availability in memory

Answer 12

Availability Heuristics

Question 13

the tendency to be more confident than correct may also evoke certainty in our judgment or ability when the evidence or likelihood of success may not be as good as we feel

Answer 13

Overconfidence

Question 14

the wording or way an issue or question is posed

Answer 14

Framing

Question 15

the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

Answer 15

Creativity

Question 16

thinking that narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single, best
solution

Answer 16

Convergent thinking

Question 17

expands the number of possible problem solutions, diverging from one of a possible set of correct answers

Answer 17

Divergent thinking

Question 18

a well-developed base of knowledge provides more building blocks with which to create novel ideas and uses

Answer 18

Expertise

Question 19

having mastered a problem’s basic elements, we tend to
redefine or explore it in a new way, allowing different perspectives

Answer 19

Imaginative thinking

Question 20

seeks new experiences, tolerates ambiguities and
risks, and perseveres by overcoming obstacles

Answer 20

Adventuresome personality:

Question 21

being driven, interested in, or satisfied to constantly think
about and analyze

Answer 21

Intrinsic motivation

Question 22

support innovation, team-building, and communication

Answer 22

Creative environment

Question 23

discovered human beings are
predisposed to grammatical structures: phonemes (letters),
morphemes (words and prefixes), and grammar

Answer 23

Noam Chomsky

Question 24

the area in the left hemisphere that controls language
expression.

Answer 24

Broca’s Area

Question 25

the inability to understand or formulate language

Answer 25

Aphasia

Question 26

controls language reception & plays a key role in language development

Answer 26

Wernicke’s area

Question 27

a meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided

Answer 27

Morphemes

Question 27

any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another

Answer 27

Phonemes

Question 28

the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language

Answer 28

Syntax