UNIT 4 LESSON 2

Question 1

discovered the process of operant conditioning

Answer 1

B.F. Skinner

Question 2

the strengthening of behaviors followed by a reinforcer and diminishing of behaviors followed by a punisher

Answer 2

operant conditioning

Question 3

held that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely

Answer 3

Edward Thorndike’s law of effect

Question 4

an event that strengthens the behavior which can be used as a reward to encourage behavior

Answer 4

reinforcement

Question 5

an event that diminishes the behavior with an adverse consequence which can be used to discourage undesired behaviors

Answer 5

punishment

Question 6

a procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior
toward closer and closer approximations of the desired/target behavior

Answer 6

shaping

Question 7

giving the subject something it
wants

Answer 7

Positive Reinforcement

Question 8

taking away something the
subject does not like or want

Answer 8

Negative Reinforcement

Question 9

the removal of a rewarding stimulus

Answer 9

Negative Punishment

Question 10

the administering of an aversive stimulus

Answer 10

Positive Punishment

Question 11

elicits responses after association with a reinforcer

Answer 11

discriminative stimulus

Question 12

an innately reinforcing stimulus

Answer 12

primary reinforcers

Question 13

can be effective when associated with primary reinforcers

Answer 13

Secondary reinforcers

Question 14

successful association learning, training, or conditioning

Answer 14

Acquisition

Question 15

the association learning,
training, or conditioning can suddenly return

Answer 15

spontaneous recovery

Question 16

the diminished or complete removal of associated learning, training, or conditioning

Answer 16

Extinction

Question 17

responding to a stimulus that seems similar to the
conditioned stimulus;

Answer 17

generalization

Question 18

only responding to the conditioned stimulus

Answer 18

discrimination

Question 19

layer more stimuli by adding additionally conditioned stimuli
to the already-existing conditioned stimulus

Answer 19

high-order learning

Question 20

starting to learn slowly and easily with progressively fulfilling results along the way

Answer 20

practice

Question 21

reinforces a response every time the desired behavior occurs

Answer 21

Continuous reinforcement

Question 22

a schedule that reinforces after a specified number of responses

Answer 22

fixed-ratio schedule

Question 23

Provides a reinforcement only part of the time

Answer 23

Partial/intermittent reinforcement

Question 24

reinforces behavior in a seemingly unpredictable manner where the
reinforcement comes in waves of frequent reinforcement or no reinforcement

Answer 24

variable-ratio schedule