Unit 5B- Development

Question 1

Piaget Stages of development

Answer 1

Theory on how people develop cognitively

Question 2

Sensorimotor stage (Piaget)

Answer 2

Babies interact with the world through their basic senses and development of movement (crawling, walking, etc).

Question 3

Preoperational Stage (Piaget)

Answer 3

Toddlers begin to understand the world through their own point of view and develop language

Question 4

Concrete Operational Stage (Piaget)

Answer 4

Young children (around age 7) begin to develop a basic sense of logical reasoning (math and basic grammar)

Question 5

Formal Operational Stage (Piaget)

Answer 5

Children begin to develop the ability to think abstractly (metaphors, complex math, etc)
- Begins around puberty (12-13)

Question 6

Object Permanence

Answer 6

The idea the objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight.
- Marks the transition from the sensorimotor stage to the preoperational stage

Question 7

Conservation

Answer 7

The idea that objects maintain their properties (mass, volume, etc) even in different forms.

• Marks the transition from preoperational stage to the concrete operational stage
• Famous experiment. Pouring the same liquid into a taller thinner glass (if a person has not mastered conservation they will believe the taller class contains more liquid.

Question 8

Schema

Answer 8

Our understanding of the way the world works. We are constantly adding to and modifying our schemas.

Question 9

Assimilation (Schema)

Answer 9

When you add new information to an already existing schema

Ex. Watching Lacrosse for the first time, you add it to your schema for sports

Question 10

Accommodation (Schema)

Answer 10

When you subdivide an existing schema
Ex. You separate your schema for birds into birds that can fly and birds that can’t fly when you realize not all birds fly

Question 11

Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development

Answer 11

People learn best in the “What we can do with help” category. They eventually gain the skills to “what we can do”

Question 12

Erickson’s Stages of Social Development

Answer 12

Erickson’s theory about how we develop in to social beings. Each stage we encounter a conflict to overcome

Question 13

Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 13

infants learn to trust their caregivers. If they are not able to trust caregivers they will have difficulty trusting others later in life.

Question 14

Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt

Answer 14

Toddlers learn to do things on their own or they feel shame/doubt their skills for not being able to do things

Question 15

Initiative vs Guilt

Answer 15

Young children learn to take responsibility for their actions or they grow to become guilty for inappropriate behavior

Question 16

Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 16

Elementary age children learn to create and do things on their own but may feel inferior if they are not able to do as much as peers

Question 17

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Answer 17

Teenagers are trying to figure out who they are, ore they become confused as to who they are

Question 18

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer 18

Young adults work to find romantic relations/close friendships ore they feel lonely

Question 19

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Answer 19

Mid life crisis

-middle adults begin to feel like life is not going anywhere so they begin to adopt new hobbies or interests

Question 20

Integrity vs Despair

Answer 20

Older adults look back on their lives and determine if they lived a good life or are disappointed in their life

Question 21

Kohlberg’s Moral Development

Answer 21

Kohlberg theorized how we respond to moral dilemmas as we get older

Question 22

Preconventional Morality

Answer 22

We make decisions based on rewards or consequences. We are concerned how others view us.
Ex. I won’t steal because I might get punished
- Usually younger kids

Question 23

Conventional Morality

Answer 23

We follow the rules and norms and society. We make decisions that follow social or legal conventions.
Ex. we shouldn’t steal because it is illegal
- elementary kids and teens

Question 24

Postconventional Morality

Answer 24

Sometimes we realize that rules of society can be broken to lead to greater good.
Ex. It is ok to steal for survival or to benefit others
- adults

Question 25

Authoritarian Parent

Answer 25

Parents who are strict or uncompromising (High control, Low support)
- “My way or the highway” parent

Question 26

Authoritative Parent

Answer 26

Parents who foster responsibility and relationships (high control, high support)
The best parenting style for development
- the democratic parent

Question 27

Permissive Parent

Answer 27

Parent who does not punish child but supports them unconditionally (high support, low control)
- “Best Friend” parent

Question 28

Harlow’s Monkey Study

Answer 28

Proved that humans crave love and comfort more than survival.

• Monkeys chose the warm, fluffy mother over the mother with food
• Monkeys deprived of mother relationship at a young age grew up confused and damaged for life

Question 29

Ainsworth’s Strange Situation Study

Answer 29

A study designed to show attachment between infant and parent
- parent left child in a room with a stranger and examined the response when they left and when the parent returned

Question 30

Secure Attachment

Answer 30

A child uses parent to explore the world and make mistakes

• Child is distressed when a parent leaves
• child calms down when parent returns

Question 31

Insecure attachment

Answer 31

A child is hesitant to explore the world or indifferent to strangers

• Child is overly distressed or indifferent when parent leaves
• Child does not calm down or is indifferent when parent returns

Question 32

Nature vs Nurture Controversy

Answer 32

The argument over what about our identifies comes from genetics (nature) and what is developed by our environment (nurture)

Question 33

Critical Period

Answer 33

A period (after birth usually) where development occurs. If certain milestones are not reached then there are lifelong consequences.