Unit 2B: Social Psychology

Question 1

Go along with the group (behave in order to fit in to the group)

Answer 1

Conformity

Question 2

When in a large group of people, people are less likely to respond or help.
- Ex. Someone is hurt, but hundreds of people walk by

Answer 2

Bystander Effect

Question 3

Experiment on Obedience

• Researchers attempted to see if participants would continue to shock someone if authority figure said it was ok
• • 70% of all participants were willing to lethally shock someone in order to obey

Answer 3

Milgram Experiment

Question 4

Experiment on Conformity

• Researchers saw if people would go along with a group answer even if they knew it was wrong
• 5 people before the participant gave the wrong answer about the length of the lines
• Participants conformed to the group
• Things that weaken conformity:
• • someone else who agrees with you
• • private answers (writing instead of saying out loud)

Answer 4

Asch Experiment

Question 5

Experiment on Cognitive Dissonance

• Participants did a boring task (turning wood blocks) after the experiment, Festinger asked them to lie to the next participant saying the activity was fun
• One group was paid $20, one group was paid $1

The group that was paid $1 actually BELIEVED the activity was fun in order to justify the low payment.

Answer 5

Festinger Experiment

Question 6

Case Study on the Bystander Effect

- Set out to understand why 30+ people watched a woman get raped and murdered, but did not intervene

Answer 6

Latane & Darley Study

Question 7

Experiment on Superordinate Goals

• Sherif took 2 groups of boys and made them compete for limited resources. The groups began to hate each other
• After 2 weeks, made them work together (superordinate goals) to benefit both groups. This reduced the tension between the groups

Answer 7

Sherif Experiment

Question 8

Experiment on Social Norms/Roles

• Stanford Prison Experiment. Students were given the role of guard or prisoner.
• • Experiment was shut down early because participants became too entrenched in their roles

Answer 8

Zimbardo Study

Question 9

When 2 opposing groups work together on a common goal. Superordinate Goals reduce the tension between groups

Answer 9

Superordinate Goals

Question 10

Social rules that people follow as a member of society

- ex. Walking on the right

Answer 10

Social Norms

Question 11

The part a person plays in society along with all the responsibilities and obligations. For example, Teacher and student are distinct social roles.

Answer 11

Social Roles

Question 12

Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people

- Ex. White men can’t jump

Answer 12

Stereotypes

Question 13

Negative attitude toward a group of people

Answer 13

Prejudice

Question 14

Negative ACTION towards a group of people

-ex. preventing black people from voting

Answer 14

Discrimination

Question 15

When in a group of people, a person does less work than if they were working alone

Answer 15

Social Loafing

Question 16

When in a large group (or when a person cannot be recognized) people are willing to behave or act in ways they would not. They lose their individual identity and take on the identity of the group
- ex. Rioters

Answer 16

Deindividuation

Question 17

When a person performs a simple task better in front of a crowd

Answer 17

Social Facilitation

Question 18

When a person performs worse in front of a crowd (stage freight)

Answer 18

Social inhibition

Question 19

When groups are separated, they grow further and further apart

Answer 19

Group Polarization

Question 20

When making group decisions, a person cares more about harmony, rather than the best possible outcome (don’t rock the boat)

Answer 20

Groupthink

Question 21

In a group, the idea that someone else will respond, so I won’t have to. Since there are other people around, we give them the responsibility (causes the bystander effect)

Answer 21

Diffusion of Responsibility

Question 22

Blaming a persons actions on their disposition (personality) rather than the situation
-ex. Joey didn’t do his homework, teacher thinks, “Joey is such a bad student”

Answer 22

Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 23

When good things happen we attribute them to our disposition (personality), when bad things happen we blame the situation

• ex. Football team wins a game, “We are the best players, no one can stop us!”
• Team loses a gam, “Man, the refs made such bad calls, it was their fault we lost!”

Answer 23

Self-Serving Bias

Question 24

When you believe something is true about yourself and it becomes true
- ex. Johnny believed he would fail his test. He didn’t study and he failed.

Answer 24

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Question 25

When you ask for something small, and work your way up to a larger request.
- Ex. You ask for $5 to see a movie, then you ask for a ride, then you ask your mom to take your friend home

Answer 25

Foot-in-the-Door Phenomena

Question 26

We tend to like things more after consistent exposure to them
-Ex. Alice like Brussel Sprouts more now that her mom has made them everyday for a week

Answer 26

Mere exposure Effect

Question 27

When there is a disagreement between our actions and our beliefs
- We will change our actions or change our beliefs to match

-Ex. A typically good student struggles in a class changes her mind, “I never liked school anyway”

Answer 27

Cognitive Dissonance

Question 28

Actors tend to blame the situation
Observers tend to blame the disposition of the individual.
- Ex. Johnny forgot to do the homework because he was working late, his teachers and classmates believe that Johnny is lazy.

Answer 28

Actor-Observer Bias

Question 29

When you attempt to convince someone using facts and logic, evidence

Answer 29

Central Route to Persuasion

Question 30

When you use charisma, fame, looks, or anything outside of the facts to attempt to convince someone.
- Ex. Nike uses Michal Jordan and LeBron James to sell shoes instead of the facts of why their shoes are better.

Answer 30

Peripheral Route to Persuasion

Question 31

We socially tend to return the favor. If someone buys you a present for your birthday, you may also get them a present for theirs. (You scratch my back, I scratch yours)

Answer 31

Reciprocity

Question 32

Tendency to blame an out-group for larger social problems

Answer 32

Scapegoat Theory

Question 33

Tendency to prefer a group that you are a member of

Answer 33

In-group Bias