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AP Psychology > Unit 4- Biology > Flashcards

Unit 4- Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

The fatty coating of an axon, speeds up neuron communication

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2
Q

Neuron

A

Building blocks of the nervous system, communicate through neurotransmitters

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3
Q

Synapse

A

The process of sending neurotransmitters from one neuron to another

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4
Q

Reuptake

A

reabsorption of unused neurotransmitters back into the sending neuron

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5
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messages used by neurons to communicate

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6
Q

Dopamine

A

Neurotranmitter responsible for movement, learning, attention, emotion (oversupply linked to schizophrenia)

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7
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter responsible for muscle movement

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8
Q

Norepinephrine

A

controls alertness and arousal

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9
Q

Serotonin

A

Controls mood, hunger, and sleep (undersupply linked to depression)

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10
Q

GABA

A

Inhibitory (blocks) neurotransmitter

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11
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter (oversupply can overstimulate brain and cause headaches)

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12
Q

Endorphins

A

neurotransmitter linked to pleasure and pain control

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13
Q

Agonists

A

drugs that mimic neurotransmitters

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14
Q

Antagonists

A

drugs that block neurotransmitters

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15
Q

Endocrine System

A

Body’s slow chemical messaging system- uses the bloodstream and hormones to communicate

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16
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messages passed through the bloodstream

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17
Q

Adrenal gland

A

gland responsible for producing adrenaline

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18
Q

Pituitary gland

A

master gland of the endorcrine system, regulates multiple hormones

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19
Q

Plasticity

A

ability for the brain to adapt to changes. For example, if part of the brain is missing, the brain can adapt.
- higher in children than adults

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20
Q

Right Hemisphere

A

Side of the brain that controls spatial reasoning and creativity
- controls the left side of the body

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21
Q

Left Hemisphere

A

Side of the brain responsible for logic and language

  • Only side that can control language
  • Controls the right side of the body
22
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

23
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Controls the vital functions (automatic body functions) like heart and breathing

24
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Controls the skeletal muscles

25
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Arouses the body (increases heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, lowers digestion)

26
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous system

A

Relaxes the body (decreases heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, increases digestion)

27
Q

Frontal Lobe/Prefrontal Cortex

A

Responsible for decision making and logical reasoning

28
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Responsible for eyesight-processes visual information

29
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls balance and implicit memories (movements like running or walking)

30
Q

Hippocampus

A

Responsible for Long Term Memory

31
Q

Reticular Formation

A

Responsible for arousal

32
Q

Broca’s area

A

Part of the brain responsible for Speech

33
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A

Part of the brain responsible for processing and understanding language

34
Q

Amygdala

A

Responsible for fear, anger and aggression

35
Q

Medulla

A

Part of the brain responsible for vital functions (heart rate and breathing)

36
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Master gland. Controls the endocrine system

37
Q

Drug

A

any substance that alters brain chemistry

38
Q

Tolerance

A

Over long term drug use, a person requires more of the drug to get the same effect

39
Q

Withdrawal

A

After discontinued drug use a person will experience bodily discomfort (headaches, shaking, etc)

40
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs responsible for slowing down the nervous system

Ex- Alcohol, opiates, etc.

41
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs that speed up the nervous system

Ex- Caffeine, Nicotine, Amphetamines

42
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Drugs that create sensory information that does not exist

Ex. Marijuana (THC), LSD, Shrooms

43
Q

Opiates

A

Drugs that mimic endorphins as painkillers and are highly addictive
Ex. Vicodin, Morphine, etc.

44
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

Bodies natural 24 hour internal clock

- makes you tired when you usually sleep, wakes you up when you are usually awake

45
Q

REM Sleep

A

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep following deep sleep

- stage of sleep responsible for dreams

46
Q

Insomnia

A

Sleep disorder where someone has difficulty falling asleep

47
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Sleep disorder where a person can fall spontaneously into deep sleep

48
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

Sleep disorder where a person suddenly stops breathing during sleep. Makes it difficult to maintain deep and restful sleep.

49
Q

Night Terrors/ Sleepwalking

A

A person experiences dread at night, but no recollection of the events. decreases restful sleep (occurs during deep sleep, not REM)

50
Q

Dreams

A

Vivid sensory experiences during sleep. Occur ONLY during REM sleep

51
Q

Manifest Content

A

The remembered content of a dream. The details of a dream

52
Q

Latent Content

A

The underlying meaning of a dream

AP Psychology (13 decks)

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