Unit 5 Test Flashcards
Maryland
- King James I granted Lord Baltimore land for settlement (1634)
- Promised freedom of worship for all
Religious Descrimination
- by 1704- non-catholics passed laws discriminating against catholics
- deprived right to have churches
- hold political office
- U.S Constitution changed things
Other Difficulties of the Church
- 30,000 catholics at end of American Rev
- not many priests
- poor church in America
Leadership
- 1st American bishop in 1789=John Carroll
- U.S Catholics did not want a foreign bishops
- pope Pius VI authorized american priests to elect own bishop and set up dioceses
Bishop Carroll’s Task
- maintain support of American catholics
- taking firm control of church governance
- needed to establish order and uniformity
Catholics in America Setting the Scene
- Church in England faced persecution
- Influx of immigrants
Carroll In Action
-needed priests to speak the languages of the people
Carroll succeeded in planting American seeds of Catholicism:
-adopting “american style”=commitment to democracy and separation of church and state
-remained fully loyal to the pope
-grew from 30,000->200,000 by 1815
Growth and Development of the Church
- three newly established seminaries
- women’s religious orders grew
- three catholic colleges for men and academics for women established
Waves of Immigration
- Irish 1830-1860
- German 1860-1890
- Italy and Eastern Europe 1890-1920s
500,000-> 3 million + after Irish immigration
-most lived in neighborhood-often slums-with others from homeland
Anti-Catholic
Nativist movement-> protestant protesting against Catholic immigrants
Know Nothing Political Party
- spread rumors that Vatican and Catholic immigrants were conspiring to take over US
- incited riots in cities
- fixed elections in Baltimore
- harassed conventions in Boston and Providence
- by late 1800s anti-catholic prejudice had declined
- catholics fought on both sides in the civil war->showed loyalty and patriotism
- people still afraid that a catholic would have more allegiance to the pope
How the Catholic Church reacted to the Know Nothing’s
- Parish life
2. Education
Ethic Parishes
- people wanted to practice their faith as they had learned it:
- native language
- cultural customs - separate parishes emerge
- provided worship in own language
- center of social life of immigrants
- provided identity in the community
- examples: polish, Italian, Irish, German
Catholic Education
- religious freedom but run by the majority in power
- public schools dominated by protestants
- catholic schools emerged
- passing on the faith
- supporting children in society
- quality education for the poor
Elizabeth Ann Seton
- first native-born american saint
- widowed convent
- started catholic school in baltimore for girls
- founded daughters/sisters of charity
- set pattern for parochial system of schools
Augustus Tolton
- first black ordained priest
- discrimination in america
- rejected at american seminaries
- studied in rome
- set up black national parish in Chicago
The Church in the Industrial Age
- entering the Industrial Age:
- brought major changes in manufacturing, agriculture, mining. transportation
- innovations to ease manual labor
- social and economic problems emerge
Rerum Novarum
- First social encyclical
- Pope Leo XIII in 1891
- Addressed social problems brought about during Industrialization
- Said how Church should respond to the needs of the people
Gaudium et Spes
- AKA Church in the Modern World
- Second Vatican Council, 1965
- Says Church must serve the world & work with other organizations to promote the common good
Economic Justice for All
- 1986 pastoral letter
- On Catholic Social Teaching and the U.S. economy
- All economic decisions must uphold human dignity
- All members of society have obligation to help poor & vulnerable
Capitalism
-Economic system based upon the private ownership of goods and free market system
Marxism
- Economic social, and political philosophy that avoids the notion of private property
- seeks to control wealth by taking the means of production away from the upper class for the benefit of society
Socialism
- System in which there is no private ownership of goods
- the creation and distribution of goods/ services is determined by the whole community or by the gov.
Communism
- System in which all economic and social activity is controlled by a totalitarian gov dominated by a single political party
- linked w/ atheism
Detterence
-Belief that war, especially nuclear, can be prevented through the ability to respond to a military attack with a devastating counter attack
Social Doctrine
- Church’s body of teaching on economic and social matter
- includes moral judgements and demands for action in favor of those being harmed by unjust social and economic policies and conditions
Social Encyclical
-Teaching letter from the Pope to the members of the Church on topics of social justice, human rights, and peace
Pastoral Letter
-Teaching letter from the bishops of a particular country to members of the Church on topics of social justice, human rights, and peace that relate to that country providing guidance, insight, or instruction
Subsidarity
-Large organizations and governments should not take over responsibilities and decisions that can be carried out by individuals and local organizations
How did the Age of Reason/ Enlightenment effect how people thought about the Church?
- People wanted concrete evidence of the existence of God
- Ex: Rationalists thought faith and the Bible could be explained by science and reasoning
Reign of Terror
- A period of violence that occurred after the start of the revolution
- Marked by the executions of “enemies of the revolution”
Baltimore Catechism
- Created by the 3rd Council of Baltimore
- Told people what they believed, gave them guidance
How did the French Revolution impact the Church?
- One the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen” was written, the Church no longer was protected by the monarchy
- Became a target
What Ideals rooted in the Gospel from the French Revolution
-Pope John Paul II: “Identity and Memory”
Pro’s and Con’s of Industrial Rev
-Pros: Created more jobs, helped economy because goods were produced & sold
Cons: Led to urbanization (cramped cities= unsanitary), Poor working conditions (long hours, children could work,if sick–> fired)
