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Theology > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Christian Persecution

A
  • Became scapegoats for many situations including the Great Fire and natural disasters
  • Property confiscated from them (sacred books, churches)
  • Forced into hard labor
  • Killing displayed in public
  • Forced to practice their faith in secret
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1
Q

Why were Christians Persecuted

A
  • Threat to Jewish Faith (Had separate religious identity)
  • Threat to the Roman Empire:
    • Refused to worship the Emperor (treason) and Roman gods
    • Refused to offer sacrifices to these gods
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2
Q

Martyrs for the Faith

A
  • Martyrdom= Witness to the saving message of Christ through the sacrifice of a person’s life
  • People who die for a cause (faith) they believe in
  • Ex:Saints Peter, Paul, Felicity, Perpetua, Irenaeus
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3
Q

Early Christian Worship

A
  • Christian communities gathered in homes to avoid attention
  • Greek word for Church=ekklesia–> German/ Old English kirche
  • Often met in secret and wore signs like Chi-Rho to identify themselves as Christian to other followers
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4
Q

Liturgy of the Word

A
  • Reading from the Old Testament
  • Letters from Paul or another Apostle
  • Talk given by a presider- reminding people to act on what they have heard
  • Offer prayers for each other and exchange peace
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5
Q

Liturgy of the Eucharist

A

-Presider takes the bread and wine and offers praise/glory and gives thanks

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6
Q

Early Christianity before the Edict of Milan (Before 313 AD)

A
  • Authority: Apostles, Bishops, Presbyters (Priests),Deacons
  • Structure: In homes, No structure, Limited organization
  • Worship: Worshipped in secret in houses
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7
Q

Christianity after the Edict of Milan (After 313 AD)

A

Authority: Pope, More Bishops
Structure:
-Hierarchy of Pope, bishop, presbyters, and deacons (ordained) that have specialized roles
-East/ West split
-Large gatherings in Churches
-Became much more organized on paper with a hierarchy
-Worship: Could worship publicly, not in secret

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8
Q

Apologists

A
  • One who speaks or writes in defense of the Church

- Church moves from what (what is Jesus Christ) to why (Why people want to follow him, what is Christianity)

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9
Q

St. Ignatius of Antioch

A
  • Second bishop of Antioch in 69 AD
  • Refused to renounce Christian faith and was taken to Rome to be executed
  • Wrote letters of encouragement and instruction to Christians
  • Was ready to give up his life to be with God
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10
Q

St. Justin Martyr

A
  • Gentile who converted to Christianity
  • Philosopher who wrote many documents (Apology 1, Apology 2, Dialogue)
  • Martyred for refusing to offer sacrifices to pagan gods
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11
Q

St. Iranaeus

A
  • Born in Asia Minor and studied in Rome
  • Became a bishop in Lyons
  • Argued against heresies that were spreading
  • Gnosticism: knowledge would earn salvation, but only a few would receive that mysterious knowledge
    • Denied the human nature of Christ
  • Helped settle spiritual controversies
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12
Q

Reasons for Incarnation

A
  • Save us
  • Know Gods love
  • Imitate him
  • Share Jesus’ divine nature
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13
Q

Episcopate (Bishop)

A
  • Highest authority in the Church

- This is the highest form of the Priesthood. They have the grace to guide, shepherd and sanctify the Church

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14
Q

Presbyterate (Priest)

A
  • 2nd highest authority in the Church
  • Serve the Bishop by proclaiming the word and offering sacrifices. They are able to celebrate the mysteries of the Sacraments.
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15
Q

Diaconate (Deacon)

A
  • 3rd highest authority in the Church
  • serve the Bishop by aiding in worship, charity, and pastoral preaching… (baptisms, funerals, and marriage). Deacons may not consecrate the bread and wine at Mass
16
Q

Legalizing Christianity

A
  • Emperor Constantine took over in 306 AD
  • Had a dream to put Chi-Rho on his shield in battle and he would win
  • Won battle and was named emperor
  • Edict of Milan–> 313 AD, religious tolerance in the Roman Empire which legalized Christianity
17
Q

Father of the Church vs. Doctor of the Church

A

Fathers of the Church
-Early teachers whose writing extended the Tradition of the Apostles and who continue to be important of the Church’s teachings
Doctors of the Church
-Title officially bestowed by the Church on those saints who are highly esteemed for their theological writings, as well as their personal holiness

18
Q

Early Church Father Characteristics

A
  • Recognized for maintaining theological positions within accepted doctrinal boundaries
  • Lived holy lives
  • The writings and teachings have been approved by the Church and shaped her teachings
  • Work on Sacred Scripture
  • Clarified Church doctrine
  • Strengthened the papacy
19
Q

Saint Athanasius

A
  • Jesus is the same substance as the Father

- argued Arianism<— Jesus is not divine

20
Q

St. Jerome

A

-Translated the Bible into the Vulgate (Hebrew and Greek—> Latin)

21
Q

St. Leo the Great

A
  • Increased the authority of the Church

- claimed authority was given by Christ and should oversee Church (ecclesial–> the whole church) matters

22
Q

324 AD (Constantine and Licinius

A
  • Constantine defeats Licinius to become the sole emperor
  • Moved government from Rome to Constantinople
  • Now two major centers of the empire (East and West)
  • Church develops different styles of worship, Sacraments, church architecture
23
Q

Differences between West and East Churches

A

East
-Large worship spaces with domes (representing the Heavens)
-Eucharistic liturgy focused on God’s Kingdom
-Altar separated by a wall
West
-Long buildings with semicircular structure on end
-Christ sacrifice emphasized with the altar as focal point

24
Q

Ecumenical Councils

A
  • Gathering of the Church’s bishops from around the world convened by the Pope to address pressing issues in the Church
  • 1st: Council of Nicaea
  • Council of Jerusalem is not an ecumenical council because no pope yet but still important (Gentiles should or should not follow Jewish laws to become Christian was solved)
25
Q

Council of Nicaea

A
  • Convened by the Pope because Arianism was threatening the dogma that Christ is divine
  • Started the creation of the Nicene Creed (was not finished)
  • Cleared up the fact that Christ is consubstantial with God
  • 325 AD
26
Q

Council of Constantinople

A
  • 381 AD
  • Finished addressing the false beliefs of the Church
  • Defended the Church against Arianism and protected the belief of Christ’s divinity
  • Finished the Nicene Creed, which is still used currently in the Church
27
Q

Council of Ephesus

A
  • 431 AD
  • To combat nestorianism (Mary is the mother of human Jesus, not divine one
  • Stated Mary is theotokus/ virgin
  • Confirmed the role of Mary in the Church
28
Q

Council of Chalcedon

A
  • 451 AD
  • A decision needed to be made on who had more power, the Bishop of Rome or Bishop of Constantinople
  • Decided The Bishop of Rome has authority over the patriarch of Constantinople
  • This was the cause of Pope Leo wanting to elevate power in Constantinople, leading to the Great Schism (Split of the East and West Church)
29
Q

Patriarch

A
  • “Father” or “head” of a clan or tribe

- refers to the Pope and some bishops in the Church

30
Q

Early Church Patriarchs

A
    1. Bishop of Rome (Church in the West)
    1. Bishops of Alexandria (Egypt and Palestine)
    1. Bishop of Antioch (Syria, Asia Minor, Greece, & remainder of the Church in the East)
  • Council of Constantinople: Bishop of Constantinople added as patriarch
  • Council of Chalcedon: Added Jerusalem (Holy land to Christians because Jesus crucified there) into the patriarchs
31
Q

Collapse of the Roman Empire

A
  • Eastern Roman Empire continued to grow with center at Constantinople
  • Western Empire in period of decline—> ineffective or corrupt emperors
  • Growth and expansion made empire harder to govern and protect
  • Rome was attacked in 410 AD, city fell in 455 AD, and barbarian chief took over in 476 AD (Official date of the fall of the Roman Empire)
32
Q

Fall of Rome leads to growth in the Byzantine Empire

A
  • Expansion into North Africa, Italy, Spain
  • Building of churches
  • Reformed and codified (put into writing) Roman law
  • Tension increased between Pope and patriarch
33
Q

Pope Leo the Great

A
  • Also known as St.Leo the Great
  • Intelligent, tough, courageous leader who was able to bring about peace and stability to the Church in the West
  • Church provided safety and security- reached out to the needs of the citizens
  • Charitable work (ex today: schools, food distribution)

Theology (15 decks)

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