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Theology > Unit 3 Quiz (CH) > Flashcards

Unit 3 Quiz (CH) Flashcards

0
Q

Mohammad

A
  • Mohammad had a prophetic call when angel Gabriel visited him brought him revelations from god (Allah)
  • Koran (Qu’ran) = Book of these revelations
  • Islam= means”Submission”
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1
Q

Five Pillars of Faith

A
  • Testimony of Faith: No god but Allah, Muhammad is messenger of Allah
  • Giving Zakat: Set aside things for those in need
  • Prayer: 5 times a day and certain times
  • Fasting: During Ramadan, do not eat pork
  • Pilgrimage (Hajj): Travel to Mecca once during lifetime
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2
Q

Similarities between Christianity and Islam

A
  • Monotheistic: Belief in one God
  • Same patriarchs- Abraham, Isaac, Jacob
  • Revelation
  • Scripture
  • The resurrection of the dead
  • The centrality of the religious community
    • Church: Christian & umma: Islam
  • Hold Mary in high regard (mentioned more in the Qu’ran than in the Bible)
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3
Q

History of Islam

A
  • Mohammad returned to Mecca where he preached and brought many to the faith
  • Persecution by Meccan authorities–> flight to Medina where they established religious and political authority, raised an army to raid Meccan caravans
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4
Q

Death of Mohammad

A
  • 632: Death of Mohammad, who had unified the entire Arabian Peninsula religiously and military
  • Army grew and spread Islamic faith east and west
  • Some Christian cities fell to Muslim control
  • Conquered Spain around 711
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5
Q

Battle of Tours

A
  • Byzantine Emperor Leo Isaurian stopped Eastern expansion
  • Charles Martel (King of the Franks) defeated Muslim invaders and halted further growth in Europe
  • Christian identity preserved in parts of Europe
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6
Q

Why did Islam successfully spread?

A
  • Did not force conquered civilizations to convert
  • Gave Christians and Jews special protections as “People of the Book” (All followed the Old Testament)
  • Heavy taxes to non-muslims and exclusion from government jobs and other privileges- incentives to convert
  • Offered order and stability in non-Christian areas of warfare
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7
Q

Consequences to Church in 8th and 9th Century

A
  • Mediterranean region was under Muslim control
  • Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria (3 ancient patriarchs) had fallen and lost their influence
  • Center of secular power shifted from Rome to the Franks
  • Constantinople never regained its glory
  • Constant threat of a new power to overtake the people
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8
Q

Feudalism

A

-Society was ordered around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service and protections

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9
Q

Problems w/ Church after Spread of Islam

A
  • Islam is posing a threat to the Church
  • Lombards= Germanic tribe expanding into Northern Italy
  • Byzantine emperor n Constantinople was less effective protecting Rome
  • ** (good)Church seeks help from the Franks (Germanic tribe in Gaul, modern-day France)
  • Charles Martel sees no advantage in alliance w/ Pope
  • **(good)Successor Pepin agrees to ally w/ papacy
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10
Q

Donation of Pepin

A
  • King Pepin’s designation of the central part of Italy to be governed by the Pope–> Papal States
  • Pepin believed an alliance would legitimize his rule
  • Pope Boniface crowned Pepin ruler
  • Pepin made the pope a secular ruler–> became the head of a state like other European rulers
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11
Q

St. Boniface

A
  • Bishop and missionary
  • Called the Apostle to Germany- thought to have converted the Germans
  • Chopped down a sacred tree dedicated to Thor- was not struck dead after this happened, so the people believed in God
  • Crowned Pepin the Short, King of the Franks in 751
  • Church’s current struggle–> to promote Christian worldview
  • Jesus Christ is not just one god among many but the second Person of the Blessed Trinity, the one true God.
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12
Q

Charlemagne (Charles the Great)

A
  • 786: Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne emperor after Pepin’s death
  • the Frankish kings, not the emperors in Constantinople, are power in Europe
  • 800: Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor
  • Signaling the unity of Christianity and politics, the oneness of the Church and society in Christendom
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13
Q

Entanglements of Church and State

A
  • Committed to protecting the Church and making sure Church law and practices were enforced throughout his empire
  • Charlemagne= “Protector of the Papacy”
  • High emphasis on learning
  • Appointed educated men to gov. positions (Monks, bishops, priests)
  • Started schools
  • Ambitious ruler and strong military leader
  • Oversee the appointment of Church leaders, just as emperor in the Eastern Church would do
  • Pope Leo III increasingly dependent and indebted to him
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14
Q

Christendom

A
  • Unified blending of one religion and secular power
  • Cathedral is center of activity of a town
  • Christianity and all aspects of life intertwined
  • Christian worldview marked seasons and cycles of people’s lives
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15
Q

Lay Investiture

A
  • The appointing of bishops by Feudal lords
  • causes problems because they can be unqualified, are not knowledgable about the Church
  • if this was still going on today, the Church would be corrupt
16
Q

Simony

A
  • The act of selling or buying Church offices or roles
  • Problem because people may not be qualified
  • problems arose because people thought they could buy their way into heaven
17
Q

Celibacy

A
  • state of abstaining from marriage and sexual relations voluntary, usually for religious regions
  • different from being chaste (person can be married and chaste, and you can be both chaste and celibate)
  • Problem since men would pass on their stuff, which is part of their church.
18
Q

Two Types of Reform

A
  • Reforms used Gospel message to constantly call Christians back to fidelity to message of Jesus
    1. Reform of monasticism
    2. Reform of Pope Gregory VII
19
Q

Reform of Monasticism

A
  • Abbots and Bishops answering to local secular power made committing to the Gospel and Church’s mission difficult
  • 909: Duke William of Aquitaine and monk Berno instituted reforms to monastic life
  • Gave land in Cluny, France to Berno to establish monastery —> placed authority under the Pope with monks selecting their own abbott
20
Q

Cluniac Reforms

A
  • Brought about a renewal of Benedictine ( rule of Saint Benedict) spirit
  • Poverty, Chastity, Obedience, Ora et Labora (Pray and work)
  • Contributed to Medieval art
  • Change in moral life of clergy
  • Caring for the poor
  • New ways to pray–> Liturgy of the Hours (Praying at certain times during the day, 5 times a day)
21
Q

Gregorian Reforms

A
  • Pope Gregory VII initiated many reforms to help Church authority run smoothly
  • Revitalize and revolutionize Church organization
  • Movement to remove state interference with Church affairs–> paved the way for separation of Church and State
  • Fiercely attacked simony and lay investiture–> stressed mora integrity and independence of the clergy
  • Stressed importance of celibacy–> return to original purity
  • Papal primacy: Pope as Bishop of Rome is head following Peter–> received commission of Christ to lead the Church
22
Q

Reforming the Papacy

A
  • 1057: Pope Nicholas II restricted papal electorate to cardinals (bishops appointed by Pope) instead of all bishops
  • Pope Gregory VII developed the conclave= private assembly of cardinals in order to elect a Pope
23
Q

Tensions between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV

A
  • Pope Gregory VII: Church wanted to be independent
  • Henry IV: Did not like the Popes ruling, tries to get rid of him
  • Greg: excommunicated Henry, told people not to listen to him
  • Henry: asks for forgiveness because nervous
  • Henry: Performs penance but does not act upon his penance
  • Greg: Excommunicates Henry again
  • Henry: Takes Rome and got rid of Gregory as Pope
  • Greg: Dies in exile
24
Q

Concordat of Worms

A

1122:

  • Controversy over lay investiture is resolved in Worms, Germany
  • Emperor agreed that rulers no longer have authority to appoint bishops
  • all bishops elected and consecrated by Church authority
25
Q

Christology East vs. West

A
  • West:
    • Holy Trinity= Three persons in one God
    • Hypostatic union: Jesus is fully human and fully divine
    • Mary is “theotokos” (God bearer)
  • East:
    • Arianism: Christ is created being who was superior to humans bu inferior to God
    • Nestorianism: Mary gave birth to human Jesus but not divine
    • Splits Jesus into 2 persons
26
Q

Filioque (And from the Son) East vs. West

A
  • West:
    • Holy Spirit descended from the father and from the Son
    • Added to the Nicene Creed in the 6th Century
  • East:
    • Holy Spirit descended fromt he Father and through the Son
    • Son is viewed as chanel/ messenger
27
Q

Who’s the head of the Church East vs. West

A
  • West:
    • Bishop of Rome (Pope) first because of Apostolic Succession
    • Authority to call ecumenical councils= group of bishops deciding together
  • East
    • Patriarchs should be given more power and authority in the Church

Theology (15 decks)

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