Chapter 4 Flashcards
What was charlamagne leader of
Franks
Was charlamagne crowned emperor of east or west?
West
Who crowned charlamagne
Pope Leo III
Why was the emperor furious because of charlamagne?
Because charlamagne was like a second Constantine by forming all of Europe into one faith. The GAp between east and west widens
What were monastery libraries
Manuscripts copied by monks in script
Who did charlamagne fight against?
Saxons and forced them to convert
Who chose who in the Middle Ages?
Priests chose bishops, monks and nuns chose abbots
What was the feudalism structure
King, powerful lords, lesser lords, knights peasants and townspeople
What was lay investiture
Lay persons (people not the clergy) appointing bishops, priests, abbots, and abboteses
What were 3 challenges to the medieval church
Lay investiture
Simony
Celibacy
What was simony
Payment of money for appointment to a Church office
What was celibacy
Those in the clergy who remain unmarried for the sake of the kingdom of God
What was recited 5-6 times daily in the life of the monks
Divine office or liturgy of the hours
What was the truce of God
Christian warriors to abstain from battle on special holy days
What was the concordat of worms
Popes choose bishops and abbots and invest them with spiritual power
What were the 3 controversies that led up to the east west schism
Filioque
Iconoclast
Controversy over Sicily
What did the eastern Church believe in the Filioque controversy
The Holy Spirit defends from the father
What did the western (Latin) church believe in the Filioque controversy
The Holy Spirit proceeds from the father and the son
What were the three reasons why Church leaders in the east challenged the change in wording of the creed
1) they disagreed with the theology
2) they were not consulted about the change
3) Chrkamagne who was not bound to a religious order imposed it
What purpose did icons serve
They help direct our worship of God
Why did pope Leo III of the east ban the use of icons
He felt that people were worshiping the icons rather than worshiping God
What was the second council of Nicaea’s reasoning behind its support of icons
1) they were against Leo the third
2) they were or power ways of helping people worship God
3) Jesus himself was an icon because he became one of us and pointed us to God
What was the cause of both sides not being able to reconcile their differences
Instability to communicate
Stubbornness
Eastern Orthodox
Not in union with Pope or Rome
Same creed
Eastern rite Catholic Church
Pope was head of Church Eastern style of liturgy Creed Apostolic succession 7 sacraments
What was the original objective of the crusades
The return of Christian control of the holy lands
What was the outcome of the crusades
Distrust between east and west Church and Jews and Muslims
What was the only crusade that was successful
First one
Turks recapture territory
What were the mendicant orders
Franciscans and Dominicans
What did teh Franciscans and Dominicans live off of
Whatever people chose to provide them
- lived among the people in towns and villages and begged
Albigensianism
All matter was evil, spirit was good. Mortified yourself because you were evil
What was the inquisition
Campaign against albigensians
Heretical beliefs were examined, excommunication
Heresies were seen as attacks against the state
