Unit 3 Quiz (Real One) Flashcards
1
Q
Emergence of groups reacting to whats going on
A
- Renounce property
- Travel the world to preach
- Primary mission: evangelization of the world through words and actions
2
Q
Difference between Monasticism & Mendicants
A
- Contemplatives (thinking introvert) vs. Active Contemplatives (acting extrovert)
- Monasticism:
- Act of dwelling alone
- little to no interaction w/ the world
- Devote themselves for prayer and sacrifice for the sanctification of the world
- Cloistered
- Mendicants:
- “Begging”
- traveling around
- More time spent serving the community through various ministeries
3
Q
Similarities between Mendicants and Monasticism
A
- Worship God
- Christian
- Community prayer
- Communal meals
- labor/ work
- Private prayer
- Meditation
- Study
- Religious vows
- heart and life is prayer and service to make the Church holier
- Have early Christian goals
4
Q
3 Groups
A
- Franciscans (Friars minor)
- Poor Clares (Poor ladies of assisi
- Dominicans (Order of preachers)
5
Q
Saint Francis (Founding of Franciscans)
A
- Born into wealth
- Fought in small military battles
- Encountered a leper whom he associated with crucified christ
- Heard Christ speak in San Damiano Chapel (‘repair my house’)
- Repaired San Damiano then fixed the people of the Church
6
Q
Saint Francis after “Repair my house” (Founding of Franciscans)
A
- Took up life of complete poverty
- Committed to strengthening the Church (spread the Good News)
- Eventually people followed
- Order approved by Pope Innocent III in 1209 (First mendicant group)
7
Q
Franciscans
A
- Living out the gospel is the reason for being
- model life after christ–> living in poverty in imitation o Jesus and the apostles
- Renounce all property individually and communally
- rely on support from their work an community
8
Q
Spirituality
A
-How you practice or live out your faith
9
Q
Ministry
A
-Service (job or work) for others caused by God in the Church
10
Q
Early Franciscans
A
- Positioned in towns among the people (especially poor)
- Pulpit, confessional, service for the sick and weak, foreign missions, peace crusades
- Powerful voice for renewal in the medieval church
11
Q
Franciscans Now
A
- Chaplains in hospitals and nursing homes
- Educators/ professors Kindergarden through College
- Spiritual guidance
- Parish ministry
- Homeless outreach
- Counseling addiction
12
Q
3 Orders of Franciscans
A
- Order of Friars Minor
- Poor Clare Nuns
- Secular Franciscan Order (Lay people)
13
Q
Founding of the Poor Clares
A
- St. Clare: Italian Noblewomen
- Inspired by Francis to live a life for Jesus
- Gave up all she had, and a group of women followed her
- Created First Rule for Women
14
Q
The Poor Clares Then
A
- Founded in 1212 in Assisi
- Religious community of cloistered nuns
- Dedicated to penance: Great sacrifices made through prayer
- Contemplative life of prayer and joy based on Franciscan tradition of simplicity and poverty
15
Q
Poor Clares Today
A
- Over 20,000 sisters in over 70 countries
- Small communities 4-13 nuns
- -> Family is an important value
- Primary ministry (Mission): Life of prayer for the needs of the world
16
Q
Founding of the Dominicans
A
- Founder by Saint Dominic de Guzman
- Young priest in France who encountered a heretical group (group who believes in heresies)
- Created an order to live monastic ideals outside monastery
- Wanted well-educated clergy
Why?
- Reason through faith - Teach others - Know why heresies are wrong
17
Q
Dominicans
A
The Dominicans–> “Black Friars”
- Founded 1215 as The Order of Preachers
- Emerged to combat heresies
- Primarily teaching and preaching order
18
Q
Dominicans Then
A
- Emphasized theological study–> Educated friars are of the greatest service to the Church
- Could proclaim truth (veritas) of the Gospels & wisdom of Church’s Tradition
- Dominican houses founded in university towns
19
Q
Dominicans Now
A
- Theologians and scholars
- Educators in colleges and high schools
- Traveling preachers
- Pastors (Head of parish)
- Chaplains (Priests in hospitals, schools, police stations)
- Campus ministers
20
Q
Romanesque Architecture
A
- Massive pillars
- Rounded arches
- Fortresses
- Small windows: Not as much natural light
- Square top entrances
- Thick, heavy walls
- Designed in a cross shape (cruciform)
21
Q
Gothic Cathedrals
A
- Thin walls
- rid-vaulted ceilings
- Tall windows
- concrete arches (Buttresses)
- Stained glass
- Steeps roves
- Very ornate (decorated)
22
Q
Why were Cathedrals built?
A
- Pride in religion after Edict of Milan
- Many people had to go to mass in large cities due to urbanization, so they had to fit everyone (Wanted to worship through their structures)
23
Q
Education in the Early Middle Ages
A
- Education was provided by monastery schools (They have the books)
- Taught by monks or nuns
- Primary focus was training the clergy
- Children of nobles and villages went (wanted to be literate)
24
Q
12th Century Educations
A
- Universities grew out of the early schools
- Teachers and students group together to study certain topics
- Studied Liberal arts and Sciences
- Universitas formed= Masters had to earn a license & students had to earn degrees
25
Q
Liberal Arts and Sciences
A
Liberal Arts: Astronomy, music, grammar, logic, math, geometry
Sciences: Theology, law, medicine
26
Q
The Begining of Universities
A
- Students (male only) could enter at 14
- Liberal arts took 6 years
- Further study in medicine, law, or theology could take an additional 12 years–> Master or Doctoral degree
- Major universities sprang up in Paris, Oxford, Cambridge, Salamanca, etc. all across Europe
- University of Bologna–> First university in 1088
27
Q
Scholasticism
A
- Method of thinking, teaching, and writing in medieval universities
- Emphasized dialog to come to a truth through reasoned arguments
- Centered on knowledge about God
- Faith and reason work off of each other
28
Q
Whats going on in the Church before the Mendicants?
A
- Corruption in the Church
- Crusades led to thirst for wealth, power, glory over all else
- Use of Mercenaries: Foreign soldiers payed to fight in wars
29
Q
Albigensians
A
- Heretical group in France
- Pose new threat to the Church
- Believed all creation is evil (even humans)
- Anti-sacerdotal: Opposed the priesthood
- Rejected Eurcharist
- Combatted with Lateran Council IV
30
Q
Lateran Council IV
A
- Instated by Pope Innocent III to combat the Albigensians
- Established 70 Cannon laws
- Ex: Seal of Confession, enforcement of celibacy, no simony, no lay investiture
31
Q
Transubstantiation
A
- The real presence of Christ in the Eucharist through the transformation of the substance of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ
- Changes by the power of the Holy Spirit during Consectration
- Outlined by Council of Trent (Church doctrine)
32
Q
Eucharistic Adoration
A
- The exposed Eucharist displayed in a monstrance
- St. Francis is credited to this practice
- Started when giving thanks for victory in the Albigensian crusades
33
Q
Lateran Council IV Canons
A
- Enforcement of clerical celibacy
- Elimination of simony
- Annual confession
- Seal of confession
- Eucharist at Easter
- 7 sacraments instituted by Christ
- Defined Transubstantiation
34
Q
Corpus Christi
A
- Feast that celebrates the Body of Christ consecrated in Mass
- Means “The Body of Christ”
35
Q
Medieval Inquisition
A
- Brought about to address common heresies of the 13th Century
- Capturing and punishing heretics began 4th Century–> Could be fined, imprisoned, flogging (beating, whipping), etc.
- First execution was 350 AD–> Pope objected to this
- Believed purpose of capturing a heretic is conversion, not execution
36
Q
Papal Inquisition
A
- 1231: Established by Pope Gregory IX primarily in Germany, Italy, France
- Goals:
1. Suppress doctrine that were inconsistent with Church teachings
2. Reunite the sinner to the Church and God
37
Q
Inquisitors
A
- Were Franciscans and Dominicans
- Educated to combat heresies
- Did works for society (reputable)
- Travelers
- Approved by the Pope & devoted to him
- Good at explaining (showing and doing)
- Have no attachment to secular leaders (feudal lords), only answer to the Pope
38
Q
Heretic Sentences
A
- Organized into panels of 3 to investigate and judge
- Travel to towns to speak to townspeople
- The accused were given list of charges, witnesses were summoned, trial followed
- Sentence coukd be anything from fasting, pilgrimages, more Mass, different clothes, etc.
- 1% put to death by secular authorities
- 10% in prison
- Abuses did take place
39
Q
Spanish Inquisition
A
- Late 15th Century
- Adherence to Catholicism in Spain to converts
- Under authority of Kings of Spain, not the Church–> King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
- ***Goal: To stamp out any possible opposition to their leadership and unite Spain, must conform to Catholicism
40
Q
Spanish Inquisition Beginning and End
A
- Began in 1481: People executed
- Pope Sixtus IV authorized inquisition but wanted accused to appeal to Rome and have legal counsel
- Ferdinand rejected this
- Targeted recent converts to faith- especially Jews and Muslims
- Changed to trials on offense to the faith–> Sins committed, Protestant believers, “purity of blood” (New World) for those wishing to be ordained
- Abolished in 1834
