Unit 5 (states of consciousness)

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Our awareness of our-selves and our environment

Question 2

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 2

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle

Question 3

REM Sleep

Answer 3

rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep because the muscles are relaxed(except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.

Question 4

Alpha Waves

Answer 4

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

Question 5

Sleep

Answer 5

periodic, natural loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hybernation

Question 6

Hallucinations

Answer 6

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Question 7

Delta Waves

Answer 7

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Question 8

NREM Sleep

Answer 8

Non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep

Question 9

Narcolepsy

Answer 9

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakening

Question 10

Dream

Answer 10

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer’s delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it

Question 11

Manifest Content

Answer 11

According to freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from it’s latent, or hidden, content)

Question 12

Posthypnotic Suggestion

Answer 12

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

Question 13

Dissociation

Answer 13

A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

Question 14

Psychoactive Drug

Answer 14

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

Question 15

Tolerance

Answer 15

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect

Question 16

Withdrawal

Answer 16

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of addictive drug

Question 17

Physical Dependence

Answer 17

A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when drug is discontinued

Question 18

Psychological Dependence

Answer 18

A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

Question 19

Addiction

Answer 19

Compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse complications

Question 20

Depressant

Answer 20

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Question 21

Barbiturates

Answer 21

Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

Question 22

Opiates

Answer 22

Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

Question 23

Stimulants

Answer 23

Drugs that excite neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

Question 24

Methamphetamine

Answer 24

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

Question 25

Ecstasy(MDMA)

Answer 25

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood cognition

Question 26

Hallucinogens

Answer 26

Psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory input

Question 27

LSD

Answer 27

A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide)

Question 28

Near Death Experience

Answer 28

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug induced hallucinations

Question 29

THC

Answer 29

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucination