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AP Psychology > Unit 14 (social psychology) > Flashcards

Unit 14 (social psychology) Flashcards

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1
Q

Social psychology

A

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

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2
Q

Attribution theory

A

The theory that we explain someone’s behavior by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

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3
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

the tendency for observance, when analyzing another’s behavior, to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

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4
Q

attitude

A

feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

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5
Q

central route persuasion

A

attitude changes path in which interested people form on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts

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6
Q

peripheral route persuasion

A

attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker’s attractiveness

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7
Q

foot in the door

A

the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

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8
Q

roles

A

a set of expectations about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

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9
Q

cognitive dissonance theory

A

theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent

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10
Q

chameleon effect

A

unconsciously mimicking others expressions, postures, and voice tones to help us feel what they are feeling

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11
Q

mood linkage

A

sharing ups and downs with the type of people around them

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12
Q

conformity

A

adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard

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13
Q

normative social influence

A

influences resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

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14
Q

information social influence

A

influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others opinions about reality

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15
Q

social facilitation

A

stronger response on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

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16
Q

social loafing

A

the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their effort toward attaining a common goal then when individually accountable (doing less in group projects)

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17
Q

deindividuation

A

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

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18
Q

group polarization

A

the enhancement of group’s prevailing inclinations through discussions within the group (prejudice people are put together and their attitudes increase and vise versa)

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19
Q

groupthink

A

the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides realistic appraisal of alternatives

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20
Q

culture

A

the enduring behavior, idea,s attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

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21
Q

norm

A

an understood rule for accepted and ejected behaviors

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22
Q

personal space

A

the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies

23
Q

social control

A

the power of the situation

24
Q

personal control

A

the power of the individual

25
Q

minority influence

A

the power of one or two individuals to many majorities

26
Q

prejudice

A

an unjustifiable attitude towards a group and its members

27
Q

stereotypes

A

a generalized belief about a group of people

28
Q

discrimination

A

unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members

29
Q

blame the victim

A

holding the victim of a crime, accident, or any type of maltreatment to be entirely or partially responsible for the transgressions committed against them

30
Q

social identities

A

we associate ourselves with certain groups and contrast ourselves with others

31
Q

ingroup

A

“us” people with whom we share a common identity

32
Q

outgroup

A

“them” those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup

33
Q

just-world phenomenon

A

the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve

34
Q

scapegoat theory

A

the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

35
Q

outgroup homogeneity

A

overestimating the similarity of those within our groups

36
Q

other race effect

A

the tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than faces of other races

37
Q

frustration aggression principle

A

the principle that frustration; the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal creates anger, which can generate aggression

38
Q

social scripts

A

mental tapes for how to act, provided by ones culture

39
Q

mere exposure effect

A

the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them

40
Q

passionate love

A

an arousal state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

41
Q

compassionate love

A

the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

42
Q

equity

A

a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

43
Q

self disclosure

A

revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

44
Q

altruism

A

unselfish regard for the welfare of others

45
Q

bystander effect

A

the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

46
Q

social exchange theory

A

the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

47
Q

reciprocity norm

A

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

48
Q

social responsibility norm

A

an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

49
Q

conflict

A

a perceived incompatibility of action, goals, or ideas

50
Q

social trap

A

a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

51
Q

mirror image perception

A

mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive

52
Q

self fulfilling prophecy

A

a belief that leads to its own fulfillment

53
Q

superordinate goals

A

a shared goal that override differences among people and require their cooperation

54
Q

GRIT (Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction)

A

a strategy designed to decrease international tensions

AP Psychology (15 decks)

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