Unit 13 (Disorders and treatment)

Question 1

psychotherapy

Answer 1

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.

Question 2

Biomedical Therapy

Answer 2

Prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology

Question 3

Eclectic Approach

Answer 3

An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

Question 4

Psychoanalysis

Answer 4

Sigurd Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed that patient’s associations, resistances, dreams and transferences release previously rexpressed feelings, allowing for self-insight

Question 5

Resistance

Answer 5

In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

Question 6

Interpretation

Answer 6

In psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events I order to promote insight

Question 7

Transference

Answer 7

In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred of a parent)

Question 8

Psychodynamic Therapy

Answer 8

problem: unconscious conflicts from childhood experiences

therapy aim: reduce anxiety through self-insight

therapy technique: interpret patients’ memories and feelings

Question 9

humanistic therapies

Answer 9

aims to boost people’s self-fulfillment by helping them grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance

Question 10

insight therapies

Answer 10

a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

Question 11

client-centered therapy

Answer 11

problem: barriers to self-understanding and self-acceptance

therapy aim: enable growth via unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy

therapy technique: listen actively and reflect clients feelings

Question 12

active listening

Answer 12

empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy

Question 13

unconditional positive regard

Answer 13

A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.

Question 14

behavior therapy

Answer 14

problem: dysfunctional behaviors

therapy aim: relearn adaptive behaviors; eliminate unwanted behaviors.

therapy technique: use classical conditioning (via exposure or aversion therapy) or operant conditioning (as in token economies)

Question 15

Counter Conditioning

Answer 15

Behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

Question 16

Exposure Therapies

Answer 16

Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear or avoid

Question 17

Systematic Desensitization

Answer 17

A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias

Question 18

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy

Answer 18

Man anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying

Question 19

Aversive Conditioning

Answer 19

Type of counter conditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior

Question 20

Token Economy

Answer 20

An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

Question 21

Cognitive Therapy

Answer 21

problem: negative, self-defeating thinking

therapy aim: promote healthier thinking and self-talk

therapy technique: train people to dispute negative thoughts and attributions

Question 22

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

Answer 22

A confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Labert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people’s illogical self-defeating attitudes and assumptions

Question 23

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer 23

problem: self-harmful thoughts and behaviors

therapy aim: promote healthier thinking and adaptive behaviors

therapy technique: train people to counter self-harmful thoughts and to act out their new ways of thinking

Question 24

group therapy/ family therampy

Answer 24

problem: stressful relationships

therapy aim: heal relationships

therapy technique: develop an understanding of family and other social systems, explore roles, and improve communication.

Question 25

Aaron Beck’s Therapy for Depression

Answer 25

Changing people’s thinking can change their functioning; attempt to reverse clients’ catastrophic beliefs about themselves, their station, and their future; gentle questioning to reveal irrational thinking

Question 26

cognitive therapy technique:
reveal beliefs

Answer 26

-question your interpretations
-rank thoughts and emotions

Question 27

cognitive therapy technique:

Answer 27

-examine consequences
-decatastrophize thinking

Question 28

cognitive therapy technique:

Answer 28

-take appropriate responsibility
-resist extremes

Question 29

Regression toward the mean

Answer 29

Tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back toward their average

Question 30

Meta-Analysis

Answer 30

Procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

Question 31

Evidence-based Practice

Answer 31

Clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

Question 32

Therapeutic Alliance

Answer 32

A bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client who work together constructively to overcome the client’s problem

Question 33

Resilience

Answer 33

The personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma

Question 34

Psychopharmacology

Answer 34

The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

Question 35

Antipsychotic Drugs

Answer 35

Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder

Question 36

Anti-Anxiety Drugs

Answer 36

Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

Question 37

Antidepressant Drugs

Answer 37

Drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post traumatic stress disorder

Question 38

Electrocompulsive Therapy (ECT)

Answer 38

A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

Question 39

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Answer 39

The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

Question 40

Psychosurgery

Answer 40

Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in effort to change behavior

Question 41

Lobotomy

Answer 41

A psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes of the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain