Unit 13 (Disorders and treatment) Flashcards
psychotherapy
treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.
Biomedical Therapy
Prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology
Eclectic Approach
An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy
Psychoanalysis
Sigurd Freud’s therapeutic technique. Freud believed that patient’s associations, resistances, dreams and transferences release previously rexpressed feelings, allowing for self-insight
Resistance
In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
Interpretation
In psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events I order to promote insight
Transference
In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred of a parent)
Psychodynamic Therapy
problem: unconscious conflicts from childhood experiences
therapy aim: reduce anxiety through self-insight
therapy technique: interpret patients’ memories and feelings
humanistic therapies
aims to boost people’s self-fulfillment by helping them grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance
insight therapies
a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses
client-centered therapy
problem: barriers to self-understanding and self-acceptance
therapy aim: enable growth via unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy
therapy technique: listen actively and reflect clients feelings
active listening
empathetic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers’ client-centered therapy
unconditional positive regard
A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance.
behavior therapy
problem: dysfunctional behaviors
therapy aim: relearn adaptive behaviors; eliminate unwanted behaviors.
therapy technique: use classical conditioning (via exposure or aversion therapy) or operant conditioning (as in token economies)
Counter Conditioning
Behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning
Exposure Therapies
Behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear or avoid
Systematic Desensitization
A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
Man anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to electronic simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying
Aversive Conditioning
Type of counter conditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
Token Economy
An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats
Cognitive Therapy
problem: negative, self-defeating thinking
therapy aim: promote healthier thinking and self-talk
therapy technique: train people to dispute negative thoughts and attributions
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
A confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Labert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people’s illogical self-defeating attitudes and assumptions
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
problem: self-harmful thoughts and behaviors
therapy aim: promote healthier thinking and adaptive behaviors
therapy technique: train people to counter self-harmful thoughts and to act out their new ways of thinking
group therapy/ family therampy
problem: stressful relationships
therapy aim: heal relationships
therapy technique: develop an understanding of family and other social systems, explore roles, and improve communication.
Aaron Beck’s Therapy for Depression
Changing people’s thinking can change their functioning; attempt to reverse clients’ catastrophic beliefs about themselves, their station, and their future; gentle questioning to reveal irrational thinking
cognitive therapy technique:
reveal beliefs
-question your interpretations
-rank thoughts and emotions
cognitive therapy technique:
-examine consequences
-decatastrophize thinking
cognitive therapy technique:
-take appropriate responsibility
-resist extremes
Regression toward the mean
Tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back toward their average
Meta-Analysis
Procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
Evidence-based Practice
Clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences
Therapeutic Alliance
A bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client who work together constructively to overcome the client’s problem
Resilience
The personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma
Psychopharmacology
The study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
Antipsychotic Drugs
Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder
Anti-Anxiety Drugs
Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation
Antidepressant Drugs
Drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post traumatic stress disorder
Electrocompulsive Therapy (ECT)
A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
Psychosurgery
Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in effort to change behavior
Lobotomy
A psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes of the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain
