Unit 5 Review Flashcards
Naturally acquired passive immunity occurs during…
during pregnancy, when antibodies are passed from the maternal blood into the fetal bloodstream.
Immunity is transferred through the placenta in the form of antibodies, mainly IgG and IgA.
Natural passive immunity can also be transferred through
breast milk
Cytarabine is used mainly for the treatment of
of leukemias (specifically myelocytic and lymphocytic leukemia, and meningeal leukemia) as well as non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Allopurinol (Zyloprim)- belongs to a class of medications called
xanthine oxidase inhibitors
It is a uric acid reducer that is used to treat gout and some types of kidney diseases
Methotrexate is in a class of medications called
antimetabolites
Methotrexate treats cancer, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis by…
slowing growth of cancer cells, skin cells (to prevent formation of scales), or decreasing activity of the immune system
Methotrexate Adverse Effects:
gastrointestinal manifestations such as nausea, vomiting, mucosal ulcers, loss of appetite.
Anxiety
blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin
bloating
blurred or change in vision
Mech of Action for doxorubicin
- interacts with DNA to slow or stop growth of cancerous cells by blocking the enzyme topo-isomerase 2
Mech of action for quinolones
- Quinolone antibiotics destroy bacteria by altering their DNA. They accomplish this by interfering with the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topo-isomerase IV. The quinolones kill susceptible strains of bacteria
Prophylactic therapy
antibiotics taken before anticipated exposure to infectious organism in an effort to prevent development of infection
Adverse effects of Influenza Vaccine:
Soreness, redness, and/or swelling from the shot
Headache
Fever
Nausea
Muscle aches
Definition of Toxoid
It is a bacterial exotoxins (which is a toxin secreted by bacteria) that has been inactivated by exposure to a harsh chemical or heat which then suppresses their effectiveness. But although they’ve become inactive, they can still bind to host B cells and form antitoxin.
They are used in vaccines because they induce an immune response to the original toxin. Example is tetanus toxoid, which is the most often used.
A patient is receiving his third intravenous dose of a penicillin drug. He calls the nurse to report that he is feeling “anxious” and is having trouble breathing. What will the nurse do first?
So, the patient seems to be having an adverse effect to the penicillin drug. Since trouble breathing is not a normal finding. The nurse should first stop the antibiotic infusion immediately. Then the nurse should notify the provider immediately. The nurse should also monitor the patient’s vital signs and condition.
A patient who is receiving his third intravenous dose of a penicillin drug. He calls the nurse to report that he is feeling anxious and is having trouble breathing. What will the nurse do first?
Stop the antibiotic infusion
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim is a prototype for which drug classification?
antibiotic
Nursing Interventions for clients taking aminoglycosides include the following except:
Monitor blood pressure every four hours
Which of the following medications can be classified as an aminoglycoside?
Gentamycin
Tetracycline has been prescribed for skin disorders such as acne. Other uses for tetracycline include
Chlamydia
The purpose of antiretroviral drugs is to:
Prevent replication by inhibiting one of the steps
HIV infection is transmitted in which of the following modes except:
Contact with urine and feces
Which of the following adverse events has been reported with the use of protease inhibitors, such as indinavir?
Bone marrow suppression
The influenza vaccine is recommended for which of the following groups except:
6 months old or younger
Which of the following is the best description of why culture and sensitivity testing is done in the lab?
Identify the drug to control the infecting organism
Isoniazid (INH) is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Which of the following can be classified as an adverse effect?
Liver toxicity
The best approach to health promotion related to influenza is :
Annual vaccination for prevention
Bone and teeth discoloration of the fetus are potential adverse effects when which of the following drugs is administered to pregnant women?
tetracyclines
Anti-inflammatories are commonly used to treat which of the following conditions?
Pain and Inflammation
Foreign agents that elicit a specific immune response are called:
Antigens
An antibiotic with a broad spectrum is one that:
Is effective against a large number of organisms
Trough serum levels for gentamicin (Garamycin) should be drawn:
30-60 minutes before the next dose is given
The client receives a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for treatment of arthritis. What is a priority for the nurse to include when doing medication education?
”Take your medication with food”
Which of the following is essential to teach a client who is on antibiotic therapy?
Take the full prescription as ordered, even if symptoms are improved
Take the full prescription as ordered, even if symptoms are improved
Unpleasant side effects
Which of the following conditions is effectively treated with acyclovir (Zovirax)?
Herpes virus
A patient with gout has been treated with allopurinol (Zyloprim) for 2 months. The nurse will monitor laboratory results for which therapeutic effect?
Decreased uric acid levels
The nurse is reviewing the therapeutic effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which include which effect?
Antipyretic
NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are frequently taken to decrease inflammation; however, these agents may also be taken for the following purposes except:
Decrease blood pressure
Macrolides are effective by:
Inhibiting protein synthesis
Side effects associated with most cephalosporins (Cefazolin, Ancef) Include:
Rash, uticaria
When antibacterials are prescribed for the treatment of an infection and a culture is ordered:
A culture should be taken before the initial dose of the antibiotic is administered
Penicillins (Penicillin G) mechanism of action is to:
Disrupt the cell wall
An infection caused by a secondary pathogen that can occur during prolonged antibiotic therapy is known as:
Superinfection
Amphotericin B is used for the treatment of:
Fungal infection
A common adverse effect of ibuprofen is
Gastrointestinal upset
A sanitation worker has experienced a needle stick by a contaminated needle that was placed in a trash can. The employee health nurse expects that which drug will be used to provide passive immunity to hepatitis B infection?
Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (BayHep B)
The nurse is preparing to administer a vaccine to a child. Patient education involves explaining to the parent the purpose of the vaccine. The nurse would discuss that the purpose of the vaccine is:
Prevention of illness
Which of the following describes an infection that is acquired by a person who has not recently been hospitalized or had a medical procedure within the past year?
Community acquired infection
A patient has an order for cyclosporine (Sandimmune). The nurse finds that cyclosporine modified (Neoral) is available in the automated medication cabinet. Which action by the nurse is correct?
Notify the pharmacy to obtain the cyclosporine (Sandimmune) form of the drug.
The nurse is applying bacitracin to a patient’s skin infection. What is an adverse effect for bacitracin?
Itching and burning
A nurse is teaching a patient the mechanism of action of cyclosporine. Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of cyclosporine?
Suppress certain T-lymphocyte cell lines
Which of the following can be described as a suspension of live, attenuated or killed microorganism that stimulates production of antibodies?
Vaccines
The nurse notes in a patient’s medication history that the patient is taking allopurinol (Zyloprim). Based on this finding, the nurse interprets that the patient has which disorder?
Gout
