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Pharmacology > Unit 5 Review > Flashcards

Unit 5 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Naturally acquired passive immunity occurs during…

A

during pregnancy, when antibodies are passed from the maternal blood into the fetal bloodstream.

Immunity is transferred through the placenta in the form of antibodies, mainly IgG and IgA.

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2
Q

Natural passive immunity can also be transferred through

A

breast milk

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3
Q

Cytarabine is used mainly for the treatment of

A

of leukemias (specifically myelocytic and lymphocytic leukemia, and meningeal leukemia) as well as non-Hodgkin lymphomas

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4
Q

Allopurinol (Zyloprim)- belongs to a class of medications called

A

xanthine oxidase inhibitors

It is a uric acid reducer that is used to treat gout and some types of kidney diseases

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5
Q

Methotrexate is in a class of medications called

A

antimetabolites

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6
Q

Methotrexate treats cancer, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis by…

A

slowing growth of cancer cells, skin cells (to prevent formation of scales), or decreasing activity of the immune system

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7
Q

Methotrexate Adverse Effects:

A

gastrointestinal manifestations such as nausea, vomiting, mucosal ulcers, loss of appetite.

Anxiety

blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin

bloating

blurred or change in vision

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8
Q

Mech of Action for doxorubicin

A
  • interacts with DNA to slow or stop growth of cancerous cells by blocking the enzyme topo-isomerase 2
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9
Q

Mech of action for quinolones

A
  • Quinolone antibiotics destroy bacteria by altering their DNA. They accomplish this by interfering with the bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topo-isomerase IV. The quinolones kill susceptible strains of bacteria
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10
Q

Prophylactic therapy

A

antibiotics taken before anticipated exposure to infectious organism in an effort to prevent development of infection

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11
Q

Adverse effects of Influenza Vaccine:

A

Soreness, redness, and/or swelling from the shot
Headache
Fever
Nausea
Muscle aches

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12
Q

Definition of Toxoid

A

It is a bacterial exotoxins (which is a toxin secreted by bacteria) that has been inactivated by exposure to a harsh chemical or heat which then suppresses their effectiveness. But although they’ve become inactive, they can still bind to host B cells and form antitoxin.

They are used in vaccines because they induce an immune response to the original toxin. Example is tetanus toxoid, which is the most often used.

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13
Q

A patient is receiving his third intravenous dose of a penicillin drug. He calls the nurse to report that he is feeling “anxious” and is having trouble breathing. What will the nurse do first?

A

So, the patient seems to be having an adverse effect to the penicillin drug. Since trouble breathing is not a normal finding. The nurse should first stop the antibiotic infusion immediately. Then the nurse should notify the provider immediately. The nurse should also monitor the patient’s vital signs and condition.

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14
Q

A patient who is receiving his third intravenous dose of a penicillin drug. He calls the nurse to report that he is feeling anxious and is having trouble breathing. What will the nurse do first?

A

Stop the antibiotic infusion

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15
Q

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim is a prototype for which drug classification?

A

antibiotic

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16
Q

Nursing Interventions for clients taking aminoglycosides include the following except:

A

Monitor blood pressure every four hours

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17
Q

Which of the following medications can be classified as an aminoglycoside?

A

Gentamycin

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18
Q

Tetracycline has been prescribed for skin disorders such as acne. Other uses for tetracycline include

A

Chlamydia

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19
Q

The purpose of antiretroviral drugs is to:

A

Prevent replication by inhibiting one of the steps

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20
Q

HIV infection is transmitted in which of the following modes except:

A

Contact with urine and feces

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21
Q

Which of the following adverse events has been reported with the use of protease inhibitors, such as indinavir?

A

Bone marrow suppression

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22
Q

The influenza vaccine is recommended for which of the following groups except:

A

6 months old or younger

23
Q

Which of the following is the best description of why culture and sensitivity testing is done in the lab?

A

Identify the drug to control the infecting organism

24
Q

Isoniazid (INH) is used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Which of the following can be classified as an adverse effect?

A

Liver toxicity

25
Q

The best approach to health promotion related to influenza is :

A

Annual vaccination for prevention

26
Q

Bone and teeth discoloration of the fetus are potential adverse effects when which of the following drugs is administered to pregnant women?

A

tetracyclines

27
Q

Anti-inflammatories are commonly used to treat which of the following conditions?

A

Pain and Inflammation

28
Q

Foreign agents that elicit a specific immune response are called:

A

Antigens

29
Q

An antibiotic with a broad spectrum is one that:

A

Is effective against a large number of organisms

30
Q

Trough serum levels for gentamicin (Garamycin) should be drawn:

A

30-60 minutes before the next dose is given

31
Q

The client receives a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for treatment of arthritis. What is a priority for the nurse to include when doing medication education?

A

”Take your medication with food”

32
Q

Which of the following is essential to teach a client who is on antibiotic therapy?

A

Take the full prescription as ordered, even if symptoms are improved

33
Q

Take the full prescription as ordered, even if symptoms are improved

A

Unpleasant side effects

34
Q

Which of the following conditions is effectively treated with acyclovir (Zovirax)?

A

Herpes virus

35
Q

A patient with gout has been treated with allopurinol (Zyloprim) for 2 months. The nurse will monitor laboratory results for which therapeutic effect?

A

Decreased uric acid levels

36
Q

The nurse is reviewing the therapeutic effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which include which effect?

A

Antipyretic

37
Q

NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are frequently taken to decrease inflammation; however, these agents may also be taken for the following purposes except:

A

Decrease blood pressure

38
Q

Macrolides are effective by:

A

Inhibiting protein synthesis

39
Q

Side effects associated with most cephalosporins (Cefazolin, Ancef) Include:

A

Rash, uticaria

40
Q

When antibacterials are prescribed for the treatment of an infection and a culture is ordered:

A

A culture should be taken before the initial dose of the antibiotic is administered

41
Q

Penicillins (Penicillin G) mechanism of action is to:

A

Disrupt the cell wall

42
Q

An infection caused by a secondary pathogen that can occur during prolonged antibiotic therapy is known as:

A

Superinfection

43
Q

Amphotericin B is used for the treatment of:

A

Fungal infection

44
Q

A common adverse effect of ibuprofen is

A

Gastrointestinal upset

45
Q

A sanitation worker has experienced a needle stick by a contaminated needle that was placed in a trash can. The employee health nurse expects that which drug will be used to provide passive immunity to hepatitis B infection?

A

Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (BayHep B)

46
Q

The nurse is preparing to administer a vaccine to a child. Patient education involves explaining to the parent the purpose of the vaccine. The nurse would discuss that the purpose of the vaccine is:

A

Prevention of illness

47
Q

Which of the following describes an infection that is acquired by a person who has not recently been hospitalized or had a medical procedure within the past year?

A

Community acquired infection

48
Q

A patient has an order for cyclosporine (Sandimmune). The nurse finds that cyclosporine modified (Neoral) is available in the automated medication cabinet. Which action by the nurse is correct?

A

Notify the pharmacy to obtain the cyclosporine (Sandimmune) form of the drug.

49
Q

The nurse is applying bacitracin to a patient’s skin infection. What is an adverse effect for bacitracin?

A

Itching and burning

50
Q

A nurse is teaching a patient the mechanism of action of cyclosporine. Which of the following describes the mechanism of action of cyclosporine?

A

Suppress certain T-lymphocyte cell lines

51
Q

Which of the following can be described as a suspension of live, attenuated or killed microorganism that stimulates production of antibodies?

A

Vaccines

52
Q

The nurse notes in a patient’s medication history that the patient is taking allopurinol (Zyloprim). Based on this finding, the nurse interprets that the patient has which disorder?

A

Gout

53
Q
A

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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