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Pharmacology > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Four most common mechanisms of antibiotic action are

A

interference with bacterial cell wall synthesis

interference with protein synthesis

interference with replication of nucleic acids (DNA) and
ribonuvleic acid (RNA).

antimetabolite action that disrupts critical metabolic reactions
inside the bacterial cell.

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2
Q

Community Associated Infection:

A
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3
Q

Healthcare Associated Infection:

A
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4
Q

Superinfection:

A
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5
Q

Sulfonamides MOA:

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (co-
trimoxazole)

A

inhibit growth of bacteria

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6
Q

Sulfonamides Adverse Effect:

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (co-
trimoxazole)

A

allergic reaction, diarrhea, rashes

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7
Q

Sulfonamides Indication:

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (co-
trimoxazole)

A

Against gram negative and gram positive
organisms.
Urinary tract infections, respiratory tract
infections

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8
Q

Sulfonamides Contraindication:

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (co-
trimoxazole)

A

drug allergy

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9
Q

Penicillin’s MOA:

Amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G and
penicillin V potassium

A

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

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10
Q

Penicillin’s Adverse Effect:

Amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G and
penicillin V potassium

A

urticaria, pruritus, angioedema

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11
Q

Penicillin’s Indications:

Amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G and
penicillin V potassium

A

Gram positive bacteria ex: streptococcus,
enterococcus and staphylococcus

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12
Q

Penicillin’s Contraindications:

Amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G and
penicillin V potassium

A

drug allergy

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13
Q

Cephalosporin’s MOA:

First Generation: cefazolin
Second Generation: cefoxitin
Third Generation: Ceftazidime

A

Bactericidal: interferes with bacterial cell wall
synthesis

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14
Q

Cephalosporin’s Adverse Effects:

First Generation: cefazolin
Second Generation: cefoxitin
Third Generation: Ceftazidime

A

rash, urticaria

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15
Q

Cephalosporin’s Indications:

First Generation: cefazolin
Second Generation: cefoxitin
Third Generation: Ceftazidime

A

Gram positive, gram negative and anaerobic
bacteria

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16
Q

Cephalosporin’s Contraindications:

First Generation: cefazolin
Second Generation: cefoxitin
Third Generation: Ceftazidime

A

drug allergy

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17
Q

Macrolides MOA:

Azithromycin, erythromycin

A

Bacteriostatic (inhibit protein synthesis) with
high concentrations they are bactericidal.

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18
Q

Macrolides Adverse Effects:

Azithromycin, erythromycin

A

Nausea, vomiting and GI Bleed

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19
Q

Macrolides Indications:

Azithromycin, erythromycin

A

Streptococcus/upper and lower respiratory
infections

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20
Q

Macrolides Contraindications:

Azithromycin, erythromycin

A

drug allergy

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21
Q

Tetracycline MOA:

A

Bacteriostatic (inhibit protein synthesis)

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22
Q

Tetracycline Adverse Effect:

A

Discoloration of permanent teeth in fetus and
children

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23
Q

Tetracycline Indications:

A

Chlamydia
Mycoplasma
Rickettsia

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24
Q

Tetracycline Contraindications:

A

Drug allergy, pregnancy

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25
Q

Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin) MOA:

A

Prevent protein synthesis in bacteria

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26
Q

Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin) Adverse Effect:

A

Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

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27
Q

Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin) Indications:

A

Gram negative infections and specific
conditions with gram + cocci

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28
Q

Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin) Contraindications:

A

drug allergy

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29
Q

Quinolones / Ciprofloxacin MOA:

A

Destroy bacteria by altering the DNA

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30
Q

Quinolones / Ciprofloxacin Adverse Effect:

A

Headache, dizziness, increased liver levels,
Rash urticaria

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31
Q

Quinolones / Ciprofloxacin Indications:

A

Gram negative and selected gram positive

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32
Q

Quinolones / Ciprofloxacin Contraindications:

A

drug allergy

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33
Q

Antivirals / Acyclovir MOA:

A

Blocking the activity of a polymerase enzyme
that normally stimulates the synthesis of new
viral genomes

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34
Q

Antivirals / Acyclovir Adverse Effects:

A

Nausea, diarrhea, headache, burning when
applied topically

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35
Q

Antivirals / Acyclovir Indications:

A

Herpes, Hepatitis, Varicella

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36
Q

Antivirals / Acyclovir Contraindications:

A

drug allergy

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37
Q

Antiretroviral MOA:

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Zidovudine
Protease inhibitor: indinavir

A

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors: block activity
of the enzyme reverse transcriptase.

Protease inhibitors: inhibit the protease
retroviral enzyme.

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38
Q

Antiretroviral Adverse Effects:

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Zidovudine
Protease inhibitor: indinavir

A

Bone marrow suppression, nausea, headache,
weakness

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39
Q

Antiretroviral Indications:

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Zidovudine
Protease inhibitor: indinavir

A

HIV Infection

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40
Q

Antiretroviral Contraindications:

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Zidovudine
Protease inhibitor: indinavir

A

drug allergy

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41
Q

Isoniazid (INH) MOA:

A

Inhibit protein synthesis, inhibiting cell wall
synthesis

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42
Q

Isoniazid (INH) Adverse Effect:

A

Liver toxicity

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43
Q

Isoniazid (INH) Indications:

A

Tuberculosis

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44
Q

Isoniazid (INH) Contraindications:

A

drug allergy, renal or liver
dysfunction

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45
Q

Amphotericin B / Flucanazole MOA:

A

Binding to sterols in the cell membranes of the
fungi which results with death to the cell

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46
Q

Amphotericin B / Flucanazole Adverse Effect:

A

hepatotoxicity

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47
Q

Amphotericin B / Flucanazole Indication:

A

Fungal infections

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48
Q

Amphotericin B / Flucanazole Contraindiction:

A

Drug allergy, liver failure, kidney failure

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49
Q

NSAIDS MOA:

Ibuprofen
Aspirin
Celecoxib- COX 2

A

Relieve pain, headache, and inflammation by
blocking the chemical activity of the enzyme
called cyclooxygenase (COX)

50
Q

NSAIDS Adverse Effects:

Ibuprofen
Aspirin
Celecoxib- COX 2

A

Gastrointestinal problems: heartburn, nausea,
vomiting and gastrointestinal bleeding

51
Q

NSAIDS Indications:

Ibuprofen
Aspirin
Celecoxib- COX 2

A

Pain, fever and inflammation

52
Q

NSAIDS Contraindications:

Ibuprofen
Aspirin
Celecoxib- COX 2

A

Drug allergy, patients at risk for bleeding

53
Q

Allopurinol (Ziloprim) MOA:

A

Inhibition of the enzyme xanthine oxidase,
prevents uric acid production

54
Q

Allopurinol Adverse Effect:

A

Aplastic anemia

55
Q

Allopurinol Indications:

A

GOUT

56
Q

Allopurinol Contraindications:

A

Drug allergy

57
Q

Cytarabine / Methotrexate (Antimetabolites) MOA:

A

Cell-cycle specific analogues that work by
antagonizing the actions of key cellular
metabolites

58
Q

Cytarabine / Methotrexate (Antimetabolites) Adverse Effects:

A

Hair loss, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and
myelosuppression

59
Q

Cytarabine / Methotrexate (Antimetabolites) Indications:

A

Solid tumors (cytarabine) and hematologic cancers

60
Q

Cytarabine / Methotrexate (Antimetabolites) Contraindications:

A

none (?)

61
Q

Cyclophosphamide / Mechlorethamine (Alkylating Drug) MOA:

A

Prevent cancer cells from reproducing

62
Q

Cyclophosphamide / Mechlorethamine (Alkylating Drug) Adverse Effects:

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis

63
Q

Cyclophosphamide / Mechlorethamine (Alkylating Drug) Indications:

A

Malignancies (solid & hematologic tumors)

64
Q

Cyclophosphamide / Mechlorethamine (Alkylating Drug) Contraindications:

A

Drug allergy

65
Q

Doxorubicin MOA:

A

Blocks DNA synthesis

66
Q

Doxorubicin Adverse Effects:

A

Hair loss, nausea & vomiting, myelosuppression

67
Q

Doxorubicin Indications:

A

Solid tumors and hematologic malignancies

68
Q

Doxorubicin Contraindications:

A

Drug allergy

69
Q

Cyclosporine MOA:

A

Suppress certain T-lymphocyte cell lines

70
Q

Cyclosporine Adverse Effect:

A

Hypertension, tremors

71
Q

Cyclosporine Indication:

A

Prevention of organ rejection

72
Q

Cyclosporine Contraindication:

A

Drug allergy, hepatic or renal failure,
hypertension

73
Q

Active immunization:

A

Acquired through infection or vaccine

74
Q

Passive immunization:

A
75
Q

Diptheria & tetnus toxoids and acellular
pertussis vaccine MOA:

A

Vaccine and toxoids that are given
intramuscularly to work by stimulating the
humoral immune system

76
Q

Diptheria & tetnus toxoids and acellular
pertussis vaccine Adverse Effect:

A

Fever, rash, soreness at injection site, urticarial,
convulsions, dyspnea

77
Q

Diptheria & tetnus toxoids and acellular
pertussis vaccine Indications:

A

Prevention of illness

78
Q

Diptheria & tetnus toxoids and acellular
pertussis vaccine Contraindications:

A

Drug allergy, eggs or yeast allergy

79
Q

Hepatitis B immunoglobulin MOA:

A

Vaccine and toxoids that are given
intramuscularly to work by stimulating the
humoral immune system

80
Q

Hepatitis B immunoglobulin Adverse Effect:

A

Fever, rash, soreness at injection site, urticarial,
convulsions, dyspnea

81
Q

Hepatitis B immunoglobulin Indication:

A

Prevention of illness

82
Q

Hepatitis B immunoglobulin Contraindication:

A

Drug allergy, eggs or yeast allergy

83
Q

Influenza MOA:

A

Vaccine and toxoids that are given
intramuscularly to work by stimulating the
humoral immune system

84
Q

Influenza Adverse Effect:

A

Fever, rash, soreness at injection site, urticarial,
convulsions, dyspnea

85
Q

Influenza Indications:

A

Prevention of illness

86
Q

Influenza Contraindications:

A

Drug allergy, eggs or yeast allergy

87
Q

Varicella Virus Vaccine MOA:

A

Vaccine and toxoids that are given
intramuscularly to work by stimulating the
humoral immune system

88
Q

Varicella Virus Vaccine Adverse Effect:

A

Fever, rash, soreness at injection site, urticarial,
convulsions, dyspnea

89
Q

Varicella Virus Vaccine Indications:

A

Prevention of illness

90
Q

Varicella Virus Vaccine Contraindications:

A

Drug allergy, eggs or yeast allergy

91
Q

Anti-inflammatories are commonly used to treat what condition?

A

pain and inflammation

92
Q

pain and inflammation

A

GI upset

93
Q

What is superinfection?

A

An infection caused by a secondary pathogen that can occur during prolonged antibiotic therapy

94
Q

Penicillin (Penicillin G) mechanism of action

A

disrupt the cell wall

95
Q

Adverse effects of ciproflaxacin?

A

rash, urticaria

96
Q

Amphotericin B is used for the treatment?

A

Fungal infection

97
Q

Acyclovir (Zovirax) is used for the treatment?

A

Herpes virus

98
Q

Explain what’s make an antibiotic with a broad spectrum?

A

is effective against a large number of organisms

99
Q

What is an antigens?

A

Foreign agents that elicit a specific immune response

100
Q

Explain Peak &Trough serum levels?

A

Trough to be drawn 30- 60 minutes before the next dose is given

101
Q

Isoniazid (INH) adverse effect?

A

Liver toxicity

102
Q

Why culture and sensitivity testing is done?

A

Identify the drug to control the infecting organism

103
Q

The purpose of antiretroviral drugs is to?

A

prevent replication by inhibiting one of the steps

104
Q

An adverse effect of protease inhibitors, such asIndinavir?

A

Bone marrow suppression

105
Q

What is the use tetracycline?

A

Can be use for chlamydia

106
Q

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim is a prototype for which drug classification?

A

Antibiotics

107
Q

Allopurinol (Zyloprim) is used for what disorders?

A

Gout

108
Q

What type of medication can be used for a patient has a urinary tract infection?

A

Sulfonamides

109
Q

How antiseptics differ from disinfectants?

A

Disinfectants are used only on nonliving objects to destroy organisms.

110
Q

Topical acyclovir adverse effects?

A

Burning when applied

111
Q

Therapeutic effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

A

Antipyretic

112
Q

If a patient is receiving a dose of a penicillin drug and said he is feeling anxious and is having trouble breathing. What will the nurse do first?

A

stop antibiotic infusion

113
Q

Lab to be monitored for zyloprim?

A

Uric acid, decreased uric acid levels

114
Q

Describe Natural passive immunization.

A

can be described as a suspension of live, attenuated or killed microorganism that stimulates production of antibodies?

115
Q

Methotrexate adverse effect?

A

Myelosuppression

116
Q

Mechanism of action for Doxorubicin is:

A

Blocks DNA synthesis

117
Q

How do we prevent the spread of the flu?

A

annual vaccine for prevention

118
Q

Explains to the patient what is Cytarabine is used for

A

solid tumor

119
Q

Explains vaccines

A

can be described as a suspension of live, attenuated or killed microorganism that stimulates production of antibodies

120
Q

Explains Community- associated infection?

A

an infection that is acquired by a person who has not recently been hospitalized or had a medical procedure within the past year

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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