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Pharmacology > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Four most common mechanisms of antibiotic action are

A

interference with bacterial cell wall synthesis

interference with protein synthesis

interference with replication of nucleic acids (DNA) and
ribonuvleic acid (RNA).

antimetabolite action that disrupts critical metabolic reactions
inside the bacterial cell.

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2
Q

Community Associated Infection:

A
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3
Q

Healthcare Associated Infection:

A
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4
Q

Superinfection:

A
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5
Q

Sulfonamides MOA:

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (co-
trimoxazole)

A

inhibit growth of bacteria

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6
Q

Sulfonamides Adverse Effect:

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (co-
trimoxazole)

A

allergic reaction, diarrhea, rashes

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7
Q

Sulfonamides Indication:

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (co-
trimoxazole)

A

Against gram negative and gram positive
organisms.
Urinary tract infections, respiratory tract
infections

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8
Q

Sulfonamides Contraindication:

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (co-
trimoxazole)

A

drug allergy

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9
Q

Penicillin’s MOA:

Amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G and
penicillin V potassium

A

inhibition of cell wall synthesis

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10
Q

Penicillin’s Adverse Effect:

Amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G and
penicillin V potassium

A

urticaria, pruritus, angioedema

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11
Q

Penicillin’s Indications:

Amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G and
penicillin V potassium

A

Gram positive bacteria ex: streptococcus,
enterococcus and staphylococcus

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12
Q

Penicillin’s Contraindications:

Amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G and
penicillin V potassium

A

drug allergy

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13
Q

Cephalosporin’s MOA:

First Generation: cefazolin
Second Generation: cefoxitin
Third Generation: Ceftazidime

A

Bactericidal: interferes with bacterial cell wall
synthesis

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14
Q

Cephalosporin’s Adverse Effects:

First Generation: cefazolin
Second Generation: cefoxitin
Third Generation: Ceftazidime

A

rash, urticaria

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15
Q

Cephalosporin’s Indications:

First Generation: cefazolin
Second Generation: cefoxitin
Third Generation: Ceftazidime

A

Gram positive, gram negative and anaerobic
bacteria

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16
Q

Cephalosporin’s Contraindications:

First Generation: cefazolin
Second Generation: cefoxitin
Third Generation: Ceftazidime

A

drug allergy

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17
Q

Macrolides MOA:

Azithromycin, erythromycin

A

Bacteriostatic (inhibit protein synthesis) with
high concentrations they are bactericidal.

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18
Q

Macrolides Adverse Effects:

Azithromycin, erythromycin

A

Nausea, vomiting and GI Bleed

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19
Q

Macrolides Indications:

Azithromycin, erythromycin

A

Streptococcus/upper and lower respiratory
infections

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20
Q

Macrolides Contraindications:

Azithromycin, erythromycin

A

drug allergy

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21
Q

Tetracycline MOA:

A

Bacteriostatic (inhibit protein synthesis)

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22
Q

Tetracycline Adverse Effect:

A

Discoloration of permanent teeth in fetus and
children

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23
Q

Tetracycline Indications:

A

Chlamydia
Mycoplasma
Rickettsia

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24
Q

Tetracycline Contraindications:

A

Drug allergy, pregnancy

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25
Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin) MOA:
Prevent protein synthesis in bacteria
26
Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin) Adverse Effect:
Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
27
Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin) Indications:
Gram negative infections and specific conditions with gram + cocci
28
Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin) Contraindications:
drug allergy
29
Quinolones / Ciprofloxacin MOA:
Destroy bacteria by altering the DNA
30
Quinolones / Ciprofloxacin Adverse Effect:
Headache, dizziness, increased liver levels, Rash urticaria
31
Quinolones / Ciprofloxacin Indications:
Gram negative and selected gram positive
32
Quinolones / Ciprofloxacin Contraindications:
drug allergy
33
Antivirals / Acyclovir MOA:
Blocking the activity of a polymerase enzyme that normally stimulates the synthesis of new viral genomes
34
Antivirals / Acyclovir Adverse Effects:
Nausea, diarrhea, headache, burning when applied topically
35
Antivirals / Acyclovir Indications:
Herpes, Hepatitis, Varicella
36
Antivirals / Acyclovir Contraindications:
drug allergy
37
Antiretroviral MOA: Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Zidovudine Protease inhibitor: indinavir
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors: block activity of the enzyme reverse transcriptase. Protease inhibitors: inhibit the protease retroviral enzyme.
38
Antiretroviral Adverse Effects: Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Zidovudine Protease inhibitor: indinavir
Bone marrow suppression, nausea, headache, weakness
39
Antiretroviral Indications: Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Zidovudine Protease inhibitor: indinavir
HIV Infection
40
Antiretroviral Contraindications: Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Zidovudine Protease inhibitor: indinavir
drug allergy
41
Isoniazid (INH) MOA:
Inhibit protein synthesis, inhibiting cell wall synthesis
42
Isoniazid (INH) Adverse Effect:
Liver toxicity
43
Isoniazid (INH) Indications:
Tuberculosis
44
Isoniazid (INH) Contraindications:
drug allergy, renal or liver dysfunction
45
Amphotericin B / Flucanazole MOA:
Binding to sterols in the cell membranes of the fungi which results with death to the cell
46
Amphotericin B / Flucanazole Adverse Effect:
hepatotoxicity
47
Amphotericin B / Flucanazole Indication:
Fungal infections
48
Amphotericin B / Flucanazole Contraindiction:
Drug allergy, liver failure, kidney failure
49
NSAIDS MOA: Ibuprofen Aspirin Celecoxib- COX 2
Relieve pain, headache, and inflammation by blocking the chemical activity of the enzyme called cyclooxygenase (COX)
50
NSAIDS Adverse Effects: Ibuprofen Aspirin Celecoxib- COX 2
Gastrointestinal problems: heartburn, nausea, vomiting and gastrointestinal bleeding
51
NSAIDS Indications: Ibuprofen Aspirin Celecoxib- COX 2
Pain, fever and inflammation
52
NSAIDS Contraindications: Ibuprofen Aspirin Celecoxib- COX 2
Drug allergy, patients at risk for bleeding
53
Allopurinol (Ziloprim) MOA:
Inhibition of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, prevents uric acid production
54
Allopurinol Adverse Effect:
Aplastic anemia
55
Allopurinol Indications:
GOUT
56
Allopurinol Contraindications:
Drug allergy
57
Cytarabine / Methotrexate (Antimetabolites) MOA:
Cell-cycle specific analogues that work by antagonizing the actions of key cellular metabolites
58
Cytarabine / Methotrexate (Antimetabolites) Adverse Effects:
Hair loss, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and myelosuppression
59
Cytarabine / Methotrexate (Antimetabolites) Indications:
Solid tumors (cytarabine) and hematologic cancers
60
Cytarabine / Methotrexate (Antimetabolites) Contraindications:
none (?)
61
Cyclophosphamide / Mechlorethamine (Alkylating Drug) MOA:
Prevent cancer cells from reproducing
62
Cyclophosphamide / Mechlorethamine (Alkylating Drug) Adverse Effects:
Hemorrhagic cystitis
63
Cyclophosphamide / Mechlorethamine (Alkylating Drug) Indications:
Malignancies (solid & hematologic tumors)
64
Cyclophosphamide / Mechlorethamine (Alkylating Drug) Contraindications:
Drug allergy
65
Doxorubicin MOA:
Blocks DNA synthesis
66
Doxorubicin Adverse Effects:
Hair loss, nausea & vomiting, myelosuppression
67
Doxorubicin Indications:
Solid tumors and hematologic malignancies
68
Doxorubicin Contraindications:
Drug allergy
69
Cyclosporine MOA:
Suppress certain T-lymphocyte cell lines
70
Cyclosporine Adverse Effect:
Hypertension, tremors
71
Cyclosporine Indication:
Prevention of organ rejection
72
Cyclosporine Contraindication:
Drug allergy, hepatic or renal failure, hypertension
73
Active immunization:
Acquired through infection or vaccine
74
Passive immunization:
75
Diptheria & tetnus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine MOA:
Vaccine and toxoids that are given intramuscularly to work by stimulating the humoral immune system
76
Diptheria & tetnus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine Adverse Effect:
Fever, rash, soreness at injection site, urticarial, convulsions, dyspnea
77
Diptheria & tetnus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine Indications:
Prevention of illness
78
Diptheria & tetnus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine Contraindications:
Drug allergy, eggs or yeast allergy
79
Hepatitis B immunoglobulin MOA:
Vaccine and toxoids that are given intramuscularly to work by stimulating the humoral immune system
80
Hepatitis B immunoglobulin Adverse Effect:
Fever, rash, soreness at injection site, urticarial, convulsions, dyspnea
81
Hepatitis B immunoglobulin Indication:
Prevention of illness
82
Hepatitis B immunoglobulin Contraindication:
Drug allergy, eggs or yeast allergy
83
Influenza MOA:
Vaccine and toxoids that are given intramuscularly to work by stimulating the humoral immune system
84
Influenza Adverse Effect:
Fever, rash, soreness at injection site, urticarial, convulsions, dyspnea
85
Influenza Indications:
Prevention of illness
86
Influenza Contraindications:
Drug allergy, eggs or yeast allergy
87
Varicella Virus Vaccine MOA:
Vaccine and toxoids that are given intramuscularly to work by stimulating the humoral immune system
88
Varicella Virus Vaccine Adverse Effect:
Fever, rash, soreness at injection site, urticarial, convulsions, dyspnea
89
Varicella Virus Vaccine Indications:
Prevention of illness
90
Varicella Virus Vaccine Contraindications:
Drug allergy, eggs or yeast allergy
91
Anti-inflammatories are commonly used to treat what condition?
pain and inflammation
92
pain and inflammation
GI upset
93
What is superinfection?
An infection caused by a secondary pathogen that can occur during prolonged antibiotic therapy
94
Penicillin (Penicillin G) mechanism of action
disrupt the cell wall
95
Adverse effects of ciproflaxacin?
rash, urticaria
96
Amphotericin B is used for the treatment?
Fungal infection
97
Acyclovir (Zovirax) is used for the treatment?
Herpes virus
98
Explain what’s make an antibiotic with a broad spectrum?
is effective against a large number of organisms
99
What is an antigens?
Foreign agents that elicit a specific immune response
100
Explain Peak &Trough serum levels?
Trough to be drawn 30- 60 minutes before the next dose is given
101
Isoniazid (INH) adverse effect?
Liver toxicity
102
Why culture and sensitivity testing is done?
Identify the drug to control the infecting organism
103
The purpose of antiretroviral drugs is to?
prevent replication by inhibiting one of the steps
104
An adverse effect of protease inhibitors, such as Indinavir?
Bone marrow suppression
105
What is the use tetracycline?
Can be use for chlamydia
106
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim is a prototype for which drug classification?
Antibiotics
107
Allopurinol (Zyloprim) is used for what disorders?
Gout
108
What type of medication can be used for a patient has a urinary tract infection?
Sulfonamides
109
How antiseptics differ from disinfectants?
Disinfectants are used only on nonliving objects to destroy organisms.
110
Topical acyclovir adverse effects?
Burning when applied
111
Therapeutic effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Antipyretic
112
If a patient is receiving a dose of a penicillin drug and said he is feeling anxious and is having trouble breathing. What will the nurse do first?
stop antibiotic infusion
113
Lab to be monitored for zyloprim?
Uric acid, decreased uric acid levels
114
Describe Natural passive immunization.
can be described as a suspension of live, attenuated or killed microorganism that stimulates production of antibodies?
115
Methotrexate adverse effect?
Myelosuppression
116
Mechanism of action for Doxorubicin is:
Blocks DNA synthesis
117
How do we prevent the spread of the flu?
annual vaccine for prevention
118
Explains to the patient what is Cytarabine is used for
solid tumor
119
Explains vaccines
can be described as a suspension of live, attenuated or killed microorganism that stimulates production of antibodies
120
Explains Community- associated infection?
an infection that is acquired by a person who has not recently been hospitalized or had a medical procedure within the past year

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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