Unit 3 Flashcards
Beta Blockers: MOA
decrease heart rate, block beta 1 receptors on the heart, decrease myocardial contractility (decrease heart workload)
Beta Blockers: Indications
angina, anti-hypertensive, cardiac dysrhythmia, cardioprotective effects, essential tremors, and stage fright
Beta Blockers: Contraindications
heart failure, bradycardia, use w/ caution w/ asthma
Beta Blockers: Adverse Effects
bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, insomnia, decreased cardiac output and contractility, hypo/hyperglycemia
Beta Blockers: Priority nursing interventions
assess patient for signs & symptoms of hypertension, angina, arrhythmia, tachycardia, or other cardiac symptoms
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors (Captopril): MOA
reduce the formation of angiotensin II
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors (Captopril): Adverse Effects
mild rash, tingling, redness, cough, hyperglycemia, renal dysfunction
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors (Captopril): Contraindications
pregnant or lactating women and children
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors (Captopril): Intervention
take pt blood pressure and educate them on meds causing dry cough
Calcium Channel Blockers: MOA
Prevent calcium from entering the cells of the heart and arteries. Calcium causes the heart and arteries to contract more intensely. The drug allows the blood vessels to relax and open by preventing contraction.
Calcium Channel Blockers: Indications
first-line drug for tx of angina, hypertension, and supraventricular tachycardia. Affective tx of coronary artery spasms may not be as effective as a beta-blocker - short term management of AFIB, flutter, migraine, and Raynaud’s disease. The dihydropyridine CCB is indicated solely for cerebral artery spasms associated w/ aneurysm rupture.
Calcium Channel Blockers: Contraindications
known drug allergy, acute MI, second or third degree AV block (unless pt has a pacemaker), and hypotension
Calcium Channel Blockers: Adverse effects
cardiovascular: hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia or bradycardia
GI: constipation, nausea
Other: dyspnea, rash, flushing, peripheral edema
Cardiac glycosides (digoxin, aka lanoxin) are effectivve in treating congestive heart failure because they are…
positive inotropics
Calcium Channel Blockers: Intervention
nurse should assess for decreased bp during monitoring and take bp prior to administration
What is a primary nursing intervention for a pt who has just began antihypertensive tx with Captopril?
take pt bp
The patient receives hydroclorothiazide (HydroDIURIL). He tells the nurse he is voiding a lot and questions how this drug affects his bp. What is the best response?
Hydrochlorothiazide decreases the fluid in your bloodstream and this lowers your bp.
The nurse is providing care for a pt who has experienced several episodes of angina. What is the primary outcome for this pt?
relief of chest pain with nitroglycerin nitrate therapy
Before administering digoxin (lanoxin), what must the nurse assess?
apical pulse rate
Metoprolol (Lopressor) blocks…
beta 1 and beta 2 receptors
Diltiazem, a CCB, promotes vasodilation of the coronary vessels. When monitoring for the effects, what should the nurse assess for?
decreased bp
Metoprolol (Lopressor) is a nonselective adrenergic blocker, and is contraindicated for a client with asthma because it may cause
bronchial contriction
a common side effect with early use of Nitroglycerine (NTG) is…
headache
When assessing a client on Metoprolol (Lopressor) the nurse should expect to find
decreased pulse rate
A potassium sparing diuretic is…
Spironolactone (aldactone)
The main function of a diuretic is…
change the volume or the composition of bodily fluids
The nurse is administering hydrochlorothiazide (microzide). What lab value should the nurse monitor?
potassium
A pt is taking spironolactone (aldactone). What is a contraindication?
Hyperkalemia
The nurse is teaching the pt about lifestyle modifications to help manage the pt’s hypertension. The nurse determines that the teaching has been effective when the pt makes which statement?
“I know I need to give up my cigs & alcohol”
Lab work needs to be drawn on a pt who is on warfarin (Coumadin). The nurse should expect the healthcare provider to order which lab test?
PT/INR
Loop diuretic act on the…
loop of henle
What dx is given to reduce effects of sodium retention?
diuretic
What blood test does NOT indicate an increased risk for CAD?
HDL
The clients serum cholesterol is elecated. Atorvastatin (Lipitor) is prescribed. The action of atorvastatin is to…
inhibit synthesis of cholesterol
Prior to administering a calcium channel blocker (Diltiazem), what should the nurse assess?
blood pressure
