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Pharmacology > Unit 3 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Beta Blockers: MOA

A

decrease heart rate, block beta 1 receptors on the heart, decrease myocardial contractility (decrease heart workload)

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2
Q

Beta Blockers: Indications

A

angina, anti-hypertensive, cardiac dysrhythmia, cardioprotective effects, essential tremors, and stage fright

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3
Q

Beta Blockers: Contraindications

A

heart failure, bradycardia, use w/ caution w/ asthma

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4
Q

Beta Blockers: Adverse Effects

A

bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, insomnia, decreased cardiac output and contractility, hypo/hyperglycemia

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5
Q

Beta Blockers: Priority nursing interventions

A

assess patient for signs & symptoms of hypertension, angina, arrhythmia, tachycardia, or other cardiac symptoms

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6
Q

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors (Captopril): MOA

A

reduce the formation of angiotensin II

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7
Q

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors (Captopril): Adverse Effects

A

mild rash, tingling, redness, cough, hyperglycemia, renal dysfunction

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8
Q

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors (Captopril): Contraindications

A

pregnant or lactating women and children

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9
Q

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors (Captopril): Intervention

A

take pt blood pressure and educate them on meds causing dry cough

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10
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: MOA

A

Prevent calcium from entering the cells of the heart and arteries. Calcium causes the heart and arteries to contract more intensely. The drug allows the blood vessels to relax and open by preventing contraction.

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11
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: Indications

A

first-line drug for tx of angina, hypertension, and supraventricular tachycardia. Affective tx of coronary artery spasms may not be as effective as a beta-blocker - short term management of AFIB, flutter, migraine, and Raynaud’s disease. The dihydropyridine CCB is indicated solely for cerebral artery spasms associated w/ aneurysm rupture.

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12
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: Contraindications

A

known drug allergy, acute MI, second or third degree AV block (unless pt has a pacemaker), and hypotension

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12
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: Adverse effects

A

cardiovascular: hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia or bradycardia

GI: constipation, nausea

Other: dyspnea, rash, flushing, peripheral edema

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12
Q

Cardiac glycosides (digoxin, aka lanoxin) are effectivve in treating congestive heart failure because they are…

A

positive inotropics

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12
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers: Intervention

A

nurse should assess for decreased bp during monitoring and take bp prior to administration

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13
Q

What is a primary nursing intervention for a pt who has just began antihypertensive tx with Captopril?

A

take pt bp

14
Q

The patient receives hydroclorothiazide (HydroDIURIL). He tells the nurse he is voiding a lot and questions how this drug affects his bp. What is the best response?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide decreases the fluid in your bloodstream and this lowers your bp.

15
Q

The nurse is providing care for a pt who has experienced several episodes of angina. What is the primary outcome for this pt?

A

relief of chest pain with nitroglycerin nitrate therapy

16
Q

Before administering digoxin (lanoxin), what must the nurse assess?

A

apical pulse rate

17
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor) blocks…

A

beta 1 and beta 2 receptors

18
Q

Diltiazem, a CCB, promotes vasodilation of the coronary vessels. When monitoring for the effects, what should the nurse assess for?

A

decreased bp

19
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor) is a nonselective adrenergic blocker, and is contraindicated for a client with asthma because it may cause

A

bronchial contriction

20
Q

a common side effect with early use of Nitroglycerine (NTG) is…

A

headache

21
Q

When assessing a client on Metoprolol (Lopressor) the nurse should expect to find

A

decreased pulse rate

22
Q

A potassium sparing diuretic is…

A

Spironolactone (aldactone)

23
Q

The main function of a diuretic is…

A

change the volume or the composition of bodily fluids

24
Q

The nurse is administering hydrochlorothiazide (microzide). What lab value should the nurse monitor?

A

potassium

25
Q

A pt is taking spironolactone (aldactone). What is a contraindication?

A

Hyperkalemia

26
Q

The nurse is teaching the pt about lifestyle modifications to help manage the pt’s hypertension. The nurse determines that the teaching has been effective when the pt makes which statement?

A

“I know I need to give up my cigs & alcohol”

27
Q

Lab work needs to be drawn on a pt who is on warfarin (Coumadin). The nurse should expect the healthcare provider to order which lab test?

A

PT/INR

28
Q

Loop diuretic act on the…

A

loop of henle

29
Q

What dx is given to reduce effects of sodium retention?

A

diuretic

30
Q

What blood test does NOT indicate an increased risk for CAD?

A

HDL

31
Q

The clients serum cholesterol is elecated. Atorvastatin (Lipitor) is prescribed. The action of atorvastatin is to…

A

inhibit synthesis of cholesterol

32
Q

Prior to administering a calcium channel blocker (Diltiazem), what should the nurse assess?

A

blood pressure

33
Q
A

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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