unit 5 pg.312-121 Flashcards
why does the consumption of food vary
-level of development
-physical conditions
-cultural preferences
why are american and canadian farms different
they are mechanized, while the rest of the world is subsistence-run
dietary energy consumption
amount of food that an individual consumes
how is dietary consumption measured
kilocalaries
what is the amount of kilo calaries one must consume to maintain moderate physical activity
at least 1,844 a day
on average how many kcals are consumed on a daily basis by one person worldwide
2,902 kcals a day
on average how many kcals are consumed on a daily basis by one person in developing regions
2,800 kcals a day
on average how many kcals are consumed on a daily basis by one person in sub-saharan Africa
2,400
why is famine a threat to the hook of Africa and Sahel
because farmers overplanted with population growth and animals overgrazed due to that
food security
physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life
how many of the worlds inhabitants dont have food scarcity
around 10%
undernourishment
dietary energy consumption that is continuously below what is needed
what countries have the most undernourished people
India and china
why do we have high food prices
bad weather, high demand, less productivity, use of crops and biofuel instead of food
where do most humans get their calaries from
cereal grain
cereal grain
grass that yields grain for food
grain
seed from cereal grains
what are the three leading cereal grains
wheat, maize(corn), rice
protein
nutrient needed for growth and maintenance of human body
what is the leading source of protein in developed countries
meat
what is the leading source of protein in developing countries
cereal grain
agriculture
deliberate modification of the earth’s surface through the cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain
cultivate
to care for
crop
any plant cultivated by people
hunters and gatherers
live in small groups
move around lots
spend time getting food
.005% of today’s population still lives like this
agricultural revolution
humans first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
environmental factors that could have started the agricultural revolution
climate change that ended the ice age
redistributed human, plants, and animals
cultural factors that could have started the agricultural revolution
permanent settlement
plant cultivation expiriments
agricultural hearths- east asia
rice and millet
agricultural hearths-southwest adia
barely, wheat, lentil, olive, domesticating farm animals, domesticating dog
agricultural hearths-central and south asia
chickens, domesticated horse
agricultural hearths-sub-saharan africa
sorghum, yams, millet, rice
agricultural hearths-latin america
mexico:beans and cotton
peru:potato
others: corn
Columbian exchange
transfer of plants animals, people, culture, and technology, between Western hemisphere and Europe, as a result of European colonization
what has improved communication encouraged in agriculture
the diffusion of some plants
subsistance agriculture
in developing countries, the production of food primarily for consumption by the farmer’s family
commercial agriculture
in developed countries, the production of cash crops, primarily for sale off the farm
cash crops
grown for sale rather than a farmers old use
what are the main factors distinguishing subsistence and commercial farming
-labor force
-use of machinery
-farm size
why did the number of farmers decline a lot in the 20th century
-people pushed away from farming by lack of opportunity for a decent income
-people pulled to higher-paying jobs in urban areas
why do developed countries have less yet more efficient farming
technology
how do developing countries farm
with hand tools and animal power
